Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)
The GRAS (named after first three identified proteins within this family, GAI, RGA, and SCR) family contains plant-specific genes encoding transcriptional regulators that play a key role in gibberellin (GA) signaling, which regulates plant growth and development. Even though <i>GRAS</i>...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Genes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/553 |
| _version_ | 1797567986741018624 |
|---|---|
| author | Vinh-Trieu To Qi Shi Yueya Zhang Jin Shi Chaoqun Shen Dabing Zhang Wenguo Cai |
| author_facet | Vinh-Trieu To Qi Shi Yueya Zhang Jin Shi Chaoqun Shen Dabing Zhang Wenguo Cai |
| author_sort | Vinh-Trieu To |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The GRAS (named after first three identified proteins within this family, GAI, RGA, and SCR) family contains plant-specific genes encoding transcriptional regulators that play a key role in gibberellin (GA) signaling, which regulates plant growth and development. Even though <i>GRAS</i> genes have been characterized in some plant species, little research is known about the <i>GRAS</i> genes in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.). In this study, we observed 62 GRAS members from barley genome, which were grouped into 12 subgroups by using phylogenomic analysis together with the GRAS genes from Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>), and rice (<i>Oryza sativa)</i>. Chromosome localization and gene structure analysis suggested that duplication events and abundant presence of intronless genes might account for the massive expansion of <i>GRAS</i> gene family in barley. The analysis of RNA-seq data indicates the expression pattern of <i>GRAS</i> genes in various tissues at different stages in barley. Noteworthy, our qRT-PCR analysis showed the expression of 18 candidate <i>GRAS</i> genes abundantly in the developing inflorescence, indicating their potential roles in the barley inflorescence development and reproduction. Collectively, our evolutionary and expression analysis of GRAS family are useful for future functional characterization of GA signaling in barley and agricultural improvement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:49:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5d1812d32374518bca4ce11ee0cdc75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:49:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5d1812d32374518bca4ce11ee0cdc752023-11-20T00:27:44ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-05-0111555310.3390/genes11050553Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.)Vinh-Trieu To0Qi Shi1Yueya Zhang2Jin Shi3Chaoqun Shen4Dabing Zhang5Wenguo Cai6Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaThe GRAS (named after first three identified proteins within this family, GAI, RGA, and SCR) family contains plant-specific genes encoding transcriptional regulators that play a key role in gibberellin (GA) signaling, which regulates plant growth and development. Even though <i>GRAS</i> genes have been characterized in some plant species, little research is known about the <i>GRAS</i> genes in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.). In this study, we observed 62 GRAS members from barley genome, which were grouped into 12 subgroups by using phylogenomic analysis together with the GRAS genes from Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>), and rice (<i>Oryza sativa)</i>. Chromosome localization and gene structure analysis suggested that duplication events and abundant presence of intronless genes might account for the massive expansion of <i>GRAS</i> gene family in barley. The analysis of RNA-seq data indicates the expression pattern of <i>GRAS</i> genes in various tissues at different stages in barley. Noteworthy, our qRT-PCR analysis showed the expression of 18 candidate <i>GRAS</i> genes abundantly in the developing inflorescence, indicating their potential roles in the barley inflorescence development and reproduction. Collectively, our evolutionary and expression analysis of GRAS family are useful for future functional characterization of GA signaling in barley and agricultural improvement.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/553<i>GRAS</i> gene familyspikegenome-wide analysischaracterization |
| spellingShingle | Vinh-Trieu To Qi Shi Yueya Zhang Jin Shi Chaoqun Shen Dabing Zhang Wenguo Cai Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Genes <i>GRAS</i> gene family spike genome-wide analysis characterization |
| title | Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Analysis of the GRAS Gene Family in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of the gras gene family in barley i hordeum vulgare i l |
| topic | <i>GRAS</i> gene family spike genome-wide analysis characterization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/553 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vinhtrieuto genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT qishi genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT yueyazhang genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT jinshi genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT chaoqunshen genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT dabingzhang genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil AT wenguocai genomewideanalysisofthegrasgenefamilyinbarleyihordeumvulgareil |