The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be partly responsible for metastasis and cancer relapse. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options that can remove CSCs at clinically safe doses. Here, we report the synthesis, characterisation, and anti-breast CSC properties of a series of copper(...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6401 |
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| author | Alice Johnson Xiao Feng Kuldip Singh Fabrizio Ortu Kogularamanan Suntharalingam |
| author_facet | Alice Johnson Xiao Feng Kuldip Singh Fabrizio Ortu Kogularamanan Suntharalingam |
| author_sort | Alice Johnson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be partly responsible for metastasis and cancer relapse. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options that can remove CSCs at clinically safe doses. Here, we report the synthesis, characterisation, and anti-breast CSC properties of a series of copper(I) complexes, comprising of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and triphenylphosphine ligands (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>). The copper(I) complexes are able to reduce the viability of breast CSCs grown in two- and three-dimensional cultures at micromolar concentrations. The potency of the copper(I) complexes towards breast CSCs was similar to salinomycin (an established anti-breast CSC agent) and cisplatin (a clinically used metallopharmaceutical). Cell-based studies showed that the copper(I) complexes are readily, and similarly, internalised by breast CSCs. The copper(I) complexes significantly increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in breast CSCs, and their ROS generation profile with respect to time is dependent on the NSAID component present. The generation of intracellular ROS by the copper(I) complexes could be part of the underlying mechanism by which they evoke breast CSC death. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to explore the anti-breast CSC properties of copper(I) complexes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:16:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5d5b478f2774e5baf3fc86b7073b1ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:16:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5d5b478f2774e5baf3fc86b7073b1ea2023-11-19T08:35:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-09-012817640110.3390/molecules28176401The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug ComplexesAlice Johnson0Xiao Feng1Kuldip Singh2Fabrizio Ortu3Kogularamanan Suntharalingam4School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UKCancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be partly responsible for metastasis and cancer relapse. Currently, there are no effective therapeutic options that can remove CSCs at clinically safe doses. Here, we report the synthesis, characterisation, and anti-breast CSC properties of a series of copper(I) complexes, comprising of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and triphenylphosphine ligands (<b>1</b>–<b>3</b>). The copper(I) complexes are able to reduce the viability of breast CSCs grown in two- and three-dimensional cultures at micromolar concentrations. The potency of the copper(I) complexes towards breast CSCs was similar to salinomycin (an established anti-breast CSC agent) and cisplatin (a clinically used metallopharmaceutical). Cell-based studies showed that the copper(I) complexes are readily, and similarly, internalised by breast CSCs. The copper(I) complexes significantly increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in breast CSCs, and their ROS generation profile with respect to time is dependent on the NSAID component present. The generation of intracellular ROS by the copper(I) complexes could be part of the underlying mechanism by which they evoke breast CSC death. As far as we are aware, this is the first study to explore the anti-breast CSC properties of copper(I) complexes.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6401cancer stem cellscopper(I) complexesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsreactive oxygen speciesmetallopharmaceuticals |
| spellingShingle | Alice Johnson Xiao Feng Kuldip Singh Fabrizio Ortu Kogularamanan Suntharalingam The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes Molecules cancer stem cells copper(I) complexes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reactive oxygen species metallopharmaceuticals |
| title | The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes |
| title_full | The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes |
| title_fullStr | The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes |
| title_short | The Anti-Breast Cancer Stem Cell Potency of Copper(I)-Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Complexes |
| title_sort | anti breast cancer stem cell potency of copper i non steroidal anti inflammatory drug complexes |
| topic | cancer stem cells copper(I) complexes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reactive oxygen species metallopharmaceuticals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/17/6401 |
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