Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health
The main purpose of the study was to analyse the concentrations of selected essential and toxic trace elements in the hair of sports and recreational riding horses from studs located in central Poland and thus test the usefulness of this matrix for monitoring the exposure of these animals. We also m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2665 |
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| author | Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak Karolina Stasiak |
| author_facet | Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak Karolina Stasiak |
| author_sort | Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main purpose of the study was to analyse the concentrations of selected essential and toxic trace elements in the hair of sports and recreational riding horses from studs located in central Poland and thus test the usefulness of this matrix for monitoring the exposure of these animals. We also measured the concentration of heavy metals in oats used as a basic component of the equine diet to investigate the interactions between these elements in the feed and hair. The basic chemical composition of oats was analysed. Elemental analysis was performed using an EcaFlow 150 GLP electrochemical analyser with an E-104L electrode and reference to a calibration curve. The chemical composition of oats was investigated by near infrared transmission (NIR) spectroscopy calibrated for an artificial neural network (ANN) using a Foss InfraXact spectrometer. Among all elements, the coefficient of variation was highest for Pb and lowest for Cd, regardless of the study group. The content of elements in horse hair was in the range of 153.56 to 185.79 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Zn, 6.10 to 11.99 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Cu, 0.578 to 0.813 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Pb and 0.011 to 0.015 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Cd (in kg of d.w.). For hair, we found a significant negative correlation for Zn-Cu (r<sub>xy</sub> = −0.539) and Cd-Cu (r<sub>xy</sub> = −0.676) at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. For feed, there was a highly significant positive correlation for Cu-Pb (r<sub>xy</sub> = 0.723) and Zn-Cd (r<sub>xy</sub> = 0.714) at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01. We found significant negative oats–hair interactions for Cu-Zn, Pb-Cu, Cd-Cu and Zn-Pb, and a positive oats–hair interaction for Cu-Cu. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:07:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5d65838c5f141dda90d9e317c47ff192023-11-23T19:37:41ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-10-011219266510.3390/ani12192665Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and HealthDorota Cygan-Szczegielniak0Karolina Stasiak1Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, PolandThe main purpose of the study was to analyse the concentrations of selected essential and toxic trace elements in the hair of sports and recreational riding horses from studs located in central Poland and thus test the usefulness of this matrix for monitoring the exposure of these animals. We also measured the concentration of heavy metals in oats used as a basic component of the equine diet to investigate the interactions between these elements in the feed and hair. The basic chemical composition of oats was analysed. Elemental analysis was performed using an EcaFlow 150 GLP electrochemical analyser with an E-104L electrode and reference to a calibration curve. The chemical composition of oats was investigated by near infrared transmission (NIR) spectroscopy calibrated for an artificial neural network (ANN) using a Foss InfraXact spectrometer. Among all elements, the coefficient of variation was highest for Pb and lowest for Cd, regardless of the study group. The content of elements in horse hair was in the range of 153.56 to 185.79 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Zn, 6.10 to 11.99 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Cu, 0.578 to 0.813 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Pb and 0.011 to 0.015 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for Cd (in kg of d.w.). For hair, we found a significant negative correlation for Zn-Cu (r<sub>xy</sub> = −0.539) and Cd-Cu (r<sub>xy</sub> = −0.676) at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. For feed, there was a highly significant positive correlation for Cu-Pb (r<sub>xy</sub> = 0.723) and Zn-Cd (r<sub>xy</sub> = 0.714) at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.01. We found significant negative oats–hair interactions for Cu-Zn, Pb-Cu, Cd-Cu and Zn-Pb, and a positive oats–hair interaction for Cu-Cu.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2665trace elementstoxic elementshorseshairoat |
| spellingShingle | Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak Karolina Stasiak Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health Animals trace elements toxic elements horses hair oat |
| title | Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health |
| title_full | Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health |
| title_fullStr | Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health |
| title_short | Concentration of Selected Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Horse Hair as an Important Tool for the Monitoring of Animal Exposure and Health |
| title_sort | concentration of selected essential and toxic trace elements in horse hair as an important tool for the monitoring of animal exposure and health |
| topic | trace elements toxic elements horses hair oat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2665 |
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