Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine
<i>Leptospira</i> spp. cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis, which occurs in numerous mammalians worldwide. Isolation is still important for serotyping and genotyping of <i>Leptospira</i>, which in turn is essential for epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis and th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/6/90 |
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| author | Romana Steinparzer Tamara Mair Christine Unterweger Adi Steinrigl Friedrich Schmoll |
| author_facet | Romana Steinparzer Tamara Mair Christine Unterweger Adi Steinrigl Friedrich Schmoll |
| author_sort | Romana Steinparzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Leptospira</i> spp. cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis, which occurs in numerous mammalians worldwide. Isolation is still important for serotyping and genotyping of <i>Leptospira</i>, which in turn is essential for epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis and the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. However, isolation of <i>Leptospira</i> from clinical specimens is inherently insensitive. This study was conducted to examine the influence of selective agents, sample filtration, sample pH and the use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer for sample storage to improve the success of cultivation and isolation of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae from swine urine. EMJH (Ellinghausen McCullough, Johnson and Harris) medium including the selective agents sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin, fosfomycin and 5-fluorouracil (STAFF) increased the success of <i>Leptospira</i> isolation from spiked swine urine samples. Sample filtration yielded only negative results. Isolation in EMJH-STAFF was successful from swine urine with a density as low as 10<sup>4</sup> <i>Leptospira</i>/mL, and urine with pH ≤ 7 impaired the cultivation rate. Cultivation and isolation were not improved by the addition of PBS to spiked urine samples prior to storage for 24 h at 4 °C. The results of the study demonstrate that cultivation and isolation of leptospires from swine urine can be improved by enhanced methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:03:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5eb71a00262479faebe5bde7ff35b8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:03:49Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5eb71a00262479faebe5bde7ff35b8a2023-11-21T21:22:04ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812021-05-01869010.3390/vetsci8060090Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine UrineRomana Steinparzer0Tamara Mair1Christine Unterweger2Adi Steinrigl3Friedrich Schmoll4Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaUniversity Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, AustriaInstitute for Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Robert Koch Gasse 17, 2340 Mödling, Austria<i>Leptospira</i> spp. cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis, which occurs in numerous mammalians worldwide. Isolation is still important for serotyping and genotyping of <i>Leptospira</i>, which in turn is essential for epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis and the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. However, isolation of <i>Leptospira</i> from clinical specimens is inherently insensitive. This study was conducted to examine the influence of selective agents, sample filtration, sample pH and the use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer for sample storage to improve the success of cultivation and isolation of <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae from swine urine. EMJH (Ellinghausen McCullough, Johnson and Harris) medium including the selective agents sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin, fosfomycin and 5-fluorouracil (STAFF) increased the success of <i>Leptospira</i> isolation from spiked swine urine samples. Sample filtration yielded only negative results. Isolation in EMJH-STAFF was successful from swine urine with a density as low as 10<sup>4</sup> <i>Leptospira</i>/mL, and urine with pH ≤ 7 impaired the cultivation rate. Cultivation and isolation were not improved by the addition of PBS to spiked urine samples prior to storage for 24 h at 4 °C. The results of the study demonstrate that cultivation and isolation of leptospires from swine urine can be improved by enhanced methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/6/90<i>Leptospira</i>Icterohaemorrhagiaeswine urineEMJH-STAFFisolationpH |
| spellingShingle | Romana Steinparzer Tamara Mair Christine Unterweger Adi Steinrigl Friedrich Schmoll Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine Veterinary Sciences <i>Leptospira</i> Icterohaemorrhagiae swine urine EMJH-STAFF isolation pH |
| title | Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine |
| title_full | Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine |
| title_short | Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on <i>Leptospira interrogans</i> Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine |
| title_sort | influence of selective agents emjh staff sample filtration and ph on i leptospira interrogans i serovar icterohaemorrhagiae cultivation and isolation from swine urine |
| topic | <i>Leptospira</i> Icterohaemorrhagiae swine urine EMJH-STAFF isolation pH |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/8/6/90 |
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