A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study
Electromyography (EMG) is the resulting electrical signal from muscle activity, commonly used as a proxy for users’ intent in voluntary control of prosthetic devices. EMG signals are recorded with gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes, though there are limitations in continuous use applications, with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/666 |
| _version_ | 1827662787005906944 |
|---|---|
| author | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Gurjant Sidhu Saransh Jain Michael Stone Ladan Eskandarian Amirali Toossi Milos R. Popovic |
| author_facet | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Gurjant Sidhu Saransh Jain Michael Stone Ladan Eskandarian Amirali Toossi Milos R. Popovic |
| author_sort | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electromyography (EMG) is the resulting electrical signal from muscle activity, commonly used as a proxy for users’ intent in voluntary control of prosthetic devices. EMG signals are recorded with gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes, though there are limitations in continuous use applications, with potential skin irritations and discomfort. Alternative dry solid metallic electrodes also face long-term usability and comfort challenges due to their inflexible and non-breathable structures. This is critical when the anatomy of the targeted body region is variable (e.g., residual limbs of individuals with amputation), and conformal contact is essential. In this study, textile electrodes were developed, and their performance in recording EMG signals was compared to gel electrodes. Additionally, to assess the reusability and robustness of the textile electrodes, the effect of 30 consumer washes was investigated. Comparisons were made between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with no statistically significant difference, and with the power spectral density (PSD), showing a high correlation. Subsequently, a fully textile sleeve was fabricated covering the forearm, with 14 textile electrodes. For three individuals, an artificial neural network model was trained, capturing the EMG of 7 distinct finger movements. The personalized models were then used to successfully control a myoelectric prosthetic hand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:32:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5ed07bc6ada4a6c99c625cedaf13965 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:32:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5ed07bc6ada4a6c99c625cedaf139652023-11-23T15:22:27ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-01-0122266610.3390/s22020666A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot StudyMilad Alizadeh-Meghrazi0Gurjant Sidhu1Saransh Jain2Michael Stone3Ladan Eskandarian4Amirali Toossi5Milos R. Popovic6The Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, CanadaMyant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, CanadaMyant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, CanadaMyant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, CanadaMyant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, CanadaMyant Inc., Toronto, ON M9W 1B6, CanadaThe Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, CanadaElectromyography (EMG) is the resulting electrical signal from muscle activity, commonly used as a proxy for users’ intent in voluntary control of prosthetic devices. EMG signals are recorded with gold standard Ag/AgCl gel electrodes, though there are limitations in continuous use applications, with potential skin irritations and discomfort. Alternative dry solid metallic electrodes also face long-term usability and comfort challenges due to their inflexible and non-breathable structures. This is critical when the anatomy of the targeted body region is variable (e.g., residual limbs of individuals with amputation), and conformal contact is essential. In this study, textile electrodes were developed, and their performance in recording EMG signals was compared to gel electrodes. Additionally, to assess the reusability and robustness of the textile electrodes, the effect of 30 consumer washes was investigated. Comparisons were made between the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), with no statistically significant difference, and with the power spectral density (PSD), showing a high correlation. Subsequently, a fully textile sleeve was fabricated covering the forearm, with 14 textile electrodes. For three individuals, an artificial neural network model was trained, capturing the EMG of 7 distinct finger movements. The personalized models were then used to successfully control a myoelectric prosthetic hand.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/666electromyographysmart textilesdry-contact electrodese-textileconductive elastomeric yarnknitted sensor |
| spellingShingle | Milad Alizadeh-Meghrazi Gurjant Sidhu Saransh Jain Michael Stone Ladan Eskandarian Amirali Toossi Milos R. Popovic A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study Sensors electromyography smart textiles dry-contact electrodes e-textile conductive elastomeric yarn knitted sensor |
| title | A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | A Mass-Producible Washable Smart Garment with Embedded Textile EMG Electrodes for Control of Myoelectric Prostheses: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | mass producible washable smart garment with embedded textile emg electrodes for control of myoelectric prostheses a pilot study |
| topic | electromyography smart textiles dry-contact electrodes e-textile conductive elastomeric yarn knitted sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/2/666 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT miladalizadehmeghrazi amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT gurjantsidhu amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT saranshjain amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT michaelstone amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT ladaneskandarian amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT amiralitoossi amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT milosrpopovic amassproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT miladalizadehmeghrazi massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT gurjantsidhu massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT saranshjain massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT michaelstone massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT ladaneskandarian massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT amiralitoossi massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy AT milosrpopovic massproduciblewashablesmartgarmentwithembeddedtextileemgelectrodesforcontrolofmyoelectricprosthesesapilotstudy |