Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells
Abstract Background Radiation therapy remains an important therapeutic modality, especially for those patients who are not candidates for radical resection. Many strategies have been developed to increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer, with some success. Methods This study was conducted...
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BMC
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Cancer Cell International |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12935-019-0752-y |
| _version_ | 1818310066678267904 |
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| author | Wen-Xiu Ding Shu Liu Jian-Xin Ma Juan Pu Hai-Jing Wang Shu Zhang Xin-chen Sun |
| author_facet | Wen-Xiu Ding Shu Liu Jian-Xin Ma Juan Pu Hai-Jing Wang Shu Zhang Xin-chen Sun |
| author_sort | Wen-Xiu Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Radiation therapy remains an important therapeutic modality, especially for those patients who are not candidates for radical resection. Many strategies have been developed to increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer, with some success. Methods This study was conducted to determine whether raltitrexed can enhance radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC cell lines 24 h were incubated with raltitrexed or DMSO with or without subsequent irradiation. Cell Counting Kit assay-8 assay and clonogenic survival assay were used to measure the cell proliferation and radiosensitization, respectively. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in different groups. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks. In addition, the expression levels of proteins that are involved in radiation induced signal transduction including Bax, Cyclin B1, Cdc2/pCdc2, and Cdc25C/pCdc25C were examined by western blot analysis. Results The results indicated that raltitrexed enhanced radiosensitivity of ESCC cells with increased DNA double-strand breaks, the G2/M arrest, and the apoptosis of ESCC cells induced by radiation. The sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.23–2.10 was detected for ESCC cells with raltitrexed treatment in TE-13 cell line. In vitro, raltitrexed also increased the therapeutic effect of radiation in nude mice. Conclusion Raltitrexed increases the radiosensitivity of ESCC. This antimetabolite drug is promising for future clinical trials with concurrent radiation in esophageal cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:40:09Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c5ee49140aab441db902f6e88ad6d3bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2867 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T07:40:09Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancer Cell International |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5ee49140aab441db902f6e88ad6d3bf2022-12-21T23:54:59ZengBMCCancer Cell International1475-28672019-02-0119111210.1186/s12935-019-0752-yRaltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cellsWen-Xiu Ding0Shu Liu1Jian-Xin Ma2Juan Pu3Hai-Jing Wang4Shu Zhang5Xin-chen Sun6Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Lianyungang Oriental HospitalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Lianshui Peoples’ HospitalDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Background Radiation therapy remains an important therapeutic modality, especially for those patients who are not candidates for radical resection. Many strategies have been developed to increase the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer, with some success. Methods This study was conducted to determine whether raltitrexed can enhance radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ESCC cell lines 24 h were incubated with raltitrexed or DMSO with or without subsequent irradiation. Cell Counting Kit assay-8 assay and clonogenic survival assay were used to measure the cell proliferation and radiosensitization, respectively. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in different groups. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double-strand breaks. In addition, the expression levels of proteins that are involved in radiation induced signal transduction including Bax, Cyclin B1, Cdc2/pCdc2, and Cdc25C/pCdc25C were examined by western blot analysis. Results The results indicated that raltitrexed enhanced radiosensitivity of ESCC cells with increased DNA double-strand breaks, the G2/M arrest, and the apoptosis of ESCC cells induced by radiation. The sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.23–2.10 was detected for ESCC cells with raltitrexed treatment in TE-13 cell line. In vitro, raltitrexed also increased the therapeutic effect of radiation in nude mice. Conclusion Raltitrexed increases the radiosensitivity of ESCC. This antimetabolite drug is promising for future clinical trials with concurrent radiation in esophageal cancer.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12935-019-0752-yRaltitrexedEsophageal cancerRadiosensitizationCell cycle arrestCell apoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Wen-Xiu Ding Shu Liu Jian-Xin Ma Juan Pu Hai-Jing Wang Shu Zhang Xin-chen Sun Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells Cancer Cell International Raltitrexed Esophageal cancer Radiosensitization Cell cycle arrest Cell apoptosis |
| title | Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| title_full | Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| title_fullStr | Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| title_short | Raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| title_sort | raltitrexed increases radiation sensitivity of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells |
| topic | Raltitrexed Esophageal cancer Radiosensitization Cell cycle arrest Cell apoptosis |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12935-019-0752-y |
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