Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels
This paper presents an experimental characterization of liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) flow boiling in additively manufactured minichannels. There is a pressing need of concerted efforts from the space exploration and thermal transport communities to design high-performance rocket engi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Aerospace |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/6/499 |
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| author | Debra Ortega Alejandro Amador Mohiuddin Ahmad Ahsan Choudhuri Md Mahamudur Rahman |
| author_facet | Debra Ortega Alejandro Amador Mohiuddin Ahmad Ahsan Choudhuri Md Mahamudur Rahman |
| author_sort | Debra Ortega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents an experimental characterization of liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) flow boiling in additively manufactured minichannels. There is a pressing need of concerted efforts from the space exploration and thermal transport communities to design high-performance rocket engine cooling channels. A close observation of the literature gaps warrants a systematic cryogenic flow boiling characterization of asymmetrically heated small (<3 mm) non-circular channels fabricated with advanced manufacturing technologies at mass flux > 3000 kg/m<sup>2</sup>s and pressure > 1 MPa. As such, this work presents the LN<sub>2</sub> flow boiling results for three asymmetrically heated additively manufactured GR-Cop42 channels of 1.8 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.5 mm hydraulic diameters. Twenty different tests have been performed at mass flux~3805–14,295 kg/m<sup>2</sup>s, pressures~1.38 and 1.59 MPa, and subcooling~0 and 5 K. A maximum departure from nucleate boiling (DNB)-type critical heat flux (CHF) of 768 kW/m<sup>2</sup> has been achieved for the 1.8 mm channel. The experimental results show that CHF increases with increasing LN<sub>2</sub> flow rate (337–459 kW/m<sup>2</sup> at 25–57 cm<sup>3</sup>/s for 2.3 mm channel) and decreasing channel size (307–768 kW/m<sup>2</sup> for 2.5–1.8 mm channel). Finally, an experimental DNB correlation has been developed with 10.68% mean absolute error. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:54:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5f017c68e4c4cb6856394f039da9930 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2226-4310 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:54:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerospace |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5f017c68e4c4cb6856394f039da99302023-11-18T08:49:30ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102023-05-0110649910.3390/aerospace10060499Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling ChannelsDebra Ortega0Alejandro Amador1Mohiuddin Ahmad2Ahsan Choudhuri3Md Mahamudur Rahman4Aerospace Center, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAAerospace Center, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAAerospace Center, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAAerospace Center, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAAerospace Center, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USAThis paper presents an experimental characterization of liquid nitrogen (LN<sub>2</sub>) flow boiling in additively manufactured minichannels. There is a pressing need of concerted efforts from the space exploration and thermal transport communities to design high-performance rocket engine cooling channels. A close observation of the literature gaps warrants a systematic cryogenic flow boiling characterization of asymmetrically heated small (<3 mm) non-circular channels fabricated with advanced manufacturing technologies at mass flux > 3000 kg/m<sup>2</sup>s and pressure > 1 MPa. As such, this work presents the LN<sub>2</sub> flow boiling results for three asymmetrically heated additively manufactured GR-Cop42 channels of 1.8 mm, 2.3 mm, and 2.5 mm hydraulic diameters. Twenty different tests have been performed at mass flux~3805–14,295 kg/m<sup>2</sup>s, pressures~1.38 and 1.59 MPa, and subcooling~0 and 5 K. A maximum departure from nucleate boiling (DNB)-type critical heat flux (CHF) of 768 kW/m<sup>2</sup> has been achieved for the 1.8 mm channel. The experimental results show that CHF increases with increasing LN<sub>2</sub> flow rate (337–459 kW/m<sup>2</sup> at 25–57 cm<sup>3</sup>/s for 2.3 mm channel) and decreasing channel size (307–768 kW/m<sup>2</sup> for 2.5–1.8 mm channel). Finally, an experimental DNB correlation has been developed with 10.68% mean absolute error.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/6/499cryogenic flow boilingcritical heat fluxasymmetric heatingnon-circular channelsadditive manufacturingGR-Cop42 |
| spellingShingle | Debra Ortega Alejandro Amador Mohiuddin Ahmad Ahsan Choudhuri Md Mahamudur Rahman Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels Aerospace cryogenic flow boiling critical heat flux asymmetric heating non-circular channels additive manufacturing GR-Cop42 |
| title | Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels |
| title_full | Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels |
| title_fullStr | Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels |
| title_short | Liquid Nitrogen Flow Boiling Critical Heat Flux in Additively Manufactured Cooling Channels |
| title_sort | liquid nitrogen flow boiling critical heat flux in additively manufactured cooling channels |
| topic | cryogenic flow boiling critical heat flux asymmetric heating non-circular channels additive manufacturing GR-Cop42 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/10/6/499 |
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