Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology
In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) extract (RGE) on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) using network pharmacology analysis. Ginsenosides are important active ingredients in...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8210 |
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| author | Zijing Shang Meiling Fan Jingtian Zhang Zi Wang Shuang Jiang Wei Li |
| author_facet | Zijing Shang Meiling Fan Jingtian Zhang Zi Wang Shuang Jiang Wei Li |
| author_sort | Zijing Shang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) extract (RGE) on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) using network pharmacology analysis. Ginsenosides are important active ingredients in ginseng, which also contains some sugar and amino acid derivatives. We aimed to determine the key proteins through which RGE regulates POF. In this work, we retrieved and screened for active ingredients in ginseng and the corresponding POF disease targets in multiple databases. A PPI network of genes was constructed in the STRING database and core targets were screened using topological analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted in R software. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to validate the results. Female ICR mice were used to establish a POF mouse model for in vivo experiments. Serum levels of relevant estrogens were determined using ELISA and expression levels of relevant proteins in ovarian tissues were detected using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that PI3K, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p16, and other proteins were highly correlated with POF and RGE. The results clearly showed that RGE could increase estradiol (E2) and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in D-gal-fed mice. RGE restored the expression levels of related proteins by reducing Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis, and senescence signaling pathways. Overall, RGE has the potential to prevent and treat POF and is likely to be a promising natural protector of the ovaries. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:16:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5f4b223e97e4446a066050abfd4774c2023-11-17T23:06:28ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-01249821010.3390/ijms24098210Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network PharmacologyZijing Shang0Meiling Fan1Jingtian Zhang2Zi Wang3Shuang Jiang4Wei Li5College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Animal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaIn this study, we evaluated the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of red ginseng (<i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer) extract (RGE) on D-galactose (D-gal)-induced premature ovarian failure (POF) using network pharmacology analysis. Ginsenosides are important active ingredients in ginseng, which also contains some sugar and amino acid derivatives. We aimed to determine the key proteins through which RGE regulates POF. In this work, we retrieved and screened for active ingredients in ginseng and the corresponding POF disease targets in multiple databases. A PPI network of genes was constructed in the STRING database and core targets were screened using topological analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted in R software. Finally, molecular docking was conducted to validate the results. Female ICR mice were used to establish a POF mouse model for in vivo experiments. Serum levels of relevant estrogens were determined using ELISA and expression levels of relevant proteins in ovarian tissues were detected using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Network pharmacology analysis predicted that PI3K, Akt, Bax, Bcl-2, p16, and other proteins were highly correlated with POF and RGE. The results clearly showed that RGE could increase estradiol (E2) and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in D-gal-fed mice. RGE restored the expression levels of related proteins by reducing Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis, and senescence signaling pathways. Overall, RGE has the potential to prevent and treat POF and is likely to be a promising natural protector of the ovaries.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8210premature ovarian failureD-galactosered ginsengoxidative stressapoptosisnetwork pharmacology |
| spellingShingle | Zijing Shang Meiling Fan Jingtian Zhang Zi Wang Shuang Jiang Wei Li Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology International Journal of Molecular Sciences premature ovarian failure D-galactose red ginseng oxidative stress apoptosis network pharmacology |
| title | Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology |
| title_full | Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology |
| title_fullStr | Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology |
| title_short | Red Ginseng Improves D-galactose-Induced Premature Ovarian Failure in Mice Based on Network Pharmacology |
| title_sort | red ginseng improves d galactose induced premature ovarian failure in mice based on network pharmacology |
| topic | premature ovarian failure D-galactose red ginseng oxidative stress apoptosis network pharmacology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/9/8210 |
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