Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection
This paper presents the improvement of an ultrasonic pulse generator for a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), which uses 64 transducers for inspecting distances up to 100 km with an axial resolution fixed at 3 mm and variable speeds between 0 and 2 m/s. An ultrasonic pulse generator is composed of a h...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2950 |
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| author | Noé Amir Rodríguez-Olivares José Vicente Cruz-Cruz Alejandro Gómez-Hernández Rodrigo Hernández-Alvarado Luciano Nava-Balanzar Tomás Salgado-Jiménez Jorge Alberto Soto-Cajiga |
| author_facet | Noé Amir Rodríguez-Olivares José Vicente Cruz-Cruz Alejandro Gómez-Hernández Rodrigo Hernández-Alvarado Luciano Nava-Balanzar Tomás Salgado-Jiménez Jorge Alberto Soto-Cajiga |
| author_sort | Noé Amir Rodríguez-Olivares |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents the improvement of an ultrasonic pulse generator for a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), which uses 64 transducers for inspecting distances up to 100 km with an axial resolution fixed at 3 mm and variable speeds between 0 and 2 m/s. An ultrasonic pulse generator is composed of a high-voltage (HV) MOSFETs, driver logic and an HV power supply. We used a DC-HV DC converter device as the HV power supply because it reduces the size of the ultrasound system considerably. However, pipeline geometry and inspection effects such as hammer and shock cause a variable pulse repetition frequency (PRF), producing voltage drops, poor quality of the HV pulse generated, failures in the dimensioning of defects and damage to devices by over-voltage. Our improvement is to implement a control scheme to maintain the high quality of the HV regardless of the variable PRF. To achieve this, we characterized three transfer functions of the DC-HV DC converter, varying the connected load to 10%, 45% and 80%. For the characterization, we used the least squares technique, considering an autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. Later, we compared three control schemes: (1) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuned by simultaneous optimization of several responses (SOSR), (2) PID tuned by a neural network (NN) and (3) PI tuned by the analytical design method (ADM). The metrics used to compare the control schemes were the recovery time, the maximum over-voltage and the excess energy when the shock and hammer effects happen to occur. Finally, to verify the improvement of the HV pulser, we compared the ultrasonic pulses generated for various frequencies and amplitudes using the pulse generator with and without the control scheme. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:39:12Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:39:12Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5fa77c375e24dfbb17e8e6ae45d8dcb2022-12-22T03:45:43ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-09-01189295010.3390/s18092950s18092950Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline InspectionNoé Amir Rodríguez-Olivares0José Vicente Cruz-Cruz1Alejandro Gómez-Hernández2Rodrigo Hernández-Alvarado3Luciano Nava-Balanzar4Tomás Salgado-Jiménez5Jorge Alberto Soto-Cajiga6Center for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoCenter for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI), Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro 76125, MexicoThis paper presents the improvement of an ultrasonic pulse generator for a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), which uses 64 transducers for inspecting distances up to 100 km with an axial resolution fixed at 3 mm and variable speeds between 0 and 2 m/s. An ultrasonic pulse generator is composed of a high-voltage (HV) MOSFETs, driver logic and an HV power supply. We used a DC-HV DC converter device as the HV power supply because it reduces the size of the ultrasound system considerably. However, pipeline geometry and inspection effects such as hammer and shock cause a variable pulse repetition frequency (PRF), producing voltage drops, poor quality of the HV pulse generated, failures in the dimensioning of defects and damage to devices by over-voltage. Our improvement is to implement a control scheme to maintain the high quality of the HV regardless of the variable PRF. To achieve this, we characterized three transfer functions of the DC-HV DC converter, varying the connected load to 10%, 45% and 80%. For the characterization, we used the least squares technique, considering an autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model. Later, we compared three control schemes: (1) proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuned by simultaneous optimization of several responses (SOSR), (2) PID tuned by a neural network (NN) and (3) PI tuned by the analytical design method (ADM). The metrics used to compare the control schemes were the recovery time, the maximum over-voltage and the excess energy when the shock and hammer effects happen to occur. Finally, to verify the improvement of the HV pulser, we compared the ultrasonic pulses generated for various frequencies and amplitudes using the pulse generator with and without the control scheme.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2950ultrasonic pulse generatorpipeline inspection gaugePIDneural networkautoregressive exogenous modelsimultaneous optimization of several responses |
| spellingShingle | Noé Amir Rodríguez-Olivares José Vicente Cruz-Cruz Alejandro Gómez-Hernández Rodrigo Hernández-Alvarado Luciano Nava-Balanzar Tomás Salgado-Jiménez Jorge Alberto Soto-Cajiga Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection Sensors ultrasonic pulse generator pipeline inspection gauge PID neural network autoregressive exogenous model simultaneous optimization of several responses |
| title | Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection |
| title_full | Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection |
| title_short | Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection |
| title_sort | improvement of ultrasonic pulse generator for automatic pipeline inspection |
| topic | ultrasonic pulse generator pipeline inspection gauge PID neural network autoregressive exogenous model simultaneous optimization of several responses |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2950 |
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