Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode
To fabricate mass and resistive sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we investigated the functionalization of RGO by tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (PcH<sub>2</sub>tBu), which possesses a macroring and tert-butyl peripheral groups. Herein, we present the gas sensor responses o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/346 |
| _version_ | 1797505917458055168 |
|---|---|
| author | Elisa Ruiz Thiaka Gueye Claire Masson Christelle Varenne Alain Pauly Jérôme Brunet Amadou L. Ndiaye |
| author_facet | Elisa Ruiz Thiaka Gueye Claire Masson Christelle Varenne Alain Pauly Jérôme Brunet Amadou L. Ndiaye |
| author_sort | Elisa Ruiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To fabricate mass and resistive sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we investigated the functionalization of RGO by tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (PcH<sub>2</sub>tBu), which possesses a macroring and tert-butyl peripheral groups. Herein, we present the gas sensor responses of the functionalized RGO toward benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) vapors. The RGO was obtained by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using citrate as a reducing agent, while the functionalization was achieved non-covalently by simply using ultrasonic and heating treatment. The sensor devices based on both QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) and resistive transducers were used simultaneously to understand the reactivity. Both the GO and the RGO showed less sensitivity to BTX vapors, while the RGO/PcH<sub>2</sub>tBu presented enhanced sensor responses. These results show that the p-network plays a very important role in targeting BTX vapors. The resistive response analysis allowed us to state that the RGO is a p-type semiconductor and that the interaction is governed by charge transfer, while the QCM response profiles allowed use to determine the differences between the BTX vapors. Among BTX, benzene shows the weakest sensitivity and a reactivity in the higher concentration range (>600 ppm). The toluene and xylene showed linear responses in the range of 100–600 ppm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5fb031a8ba1468d9a74237b17c42e56 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:25:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5fb031a8ba1468d9a74237b17c42e562023-11-23T07:41:25ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-12-0191234610.3390/chemosensors9120346Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction ModeElisa Ruiz0Thiaka Gueye1Claire Masson2Christelle Varenne3Alain Pauly4Jérôme Brunet5Amadou L. Ndiaye6Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceCNRS, SIGMA Clermont, ICCF, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceClermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceCNRS, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceTo fabricate mass and resistive sensors based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO), we investigated the functionalization of RGO by tetra tert-butyl phthalocyanine (PcH<sub>2</sub>tBu), which possesses a macroring and tert-butyl peripheral groups. Herein, we present the gas sensor responses of the functionalized RGO toward benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) vapors. The RGO was obtained by the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) using citrate as a reducing agent, while the functionalization was achieved non-covalently by simply using ultrasonic and heating treatment. The sensor devices based on both QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) and resistive transducers were used simultaneously to understand the reactivity. Both the GO and the RGO showed less sensitivity to BTX vapors, while the RGO/PcH<sub>2</sub>tBu presented enhanced sensor responses. These results show that the p-network plays a very important role in targeting BTX vapors. The resistive response analysis allowed us to state that the RGO is a p-type semiconductor and that the interaction is governed by charge transfer, while the QCM response profiles allowed use to determine the differences between the BTX vapors. Among BTX, benzene shows the weakest sensitivity and a reactivity in the higher concentration range (>600 ppm). The toluene and xylene showed linear responses in the range of 100–600 ppm.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/346phthalocyaninesfunctionalizationgraphene oxidethin filmsQCMresistive sensors |
| spellingShingle | Elisa Ruiz Thiaka Gueye Claire Masson Christelle Varenne Alain Pauly Jérôme Brunet Amadou L. Ndiaye Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode Chemosensors phthalocyanines functionalization graphene oxide thin films QCM resistive sensors |
| title | Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode |
| title_full | Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode |
| title_fullStr | Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode |
| title_short | Macrocycle-Functionalized RGO for Gas Sensors for BTX Detection Using a Double Transduction Mode |
| title_sort | macrocycle functionalized rgo for gas sensors for btx detection using a double transduction mode |
| topic | phthalocyanines functionalization graphene oxide thin films QCM resistive sensors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/346 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elisaruiz macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT thiakagueye macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT clairemasson macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT christellevarenne macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT alainpauly macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT jeromebrunet macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode AT amadoulndiaye macrocyclefunctionalizedrgoforgassensorsforbtxdetectionusingadoubletransductionmode |