Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Background: Proteinuria has been recognized as one of the earliest signs of renal function deterioration in Diabetes mellitus. Proteinuria occurs due to alterations in the glomerular permeability and later, due to a failure in the reabsorption of filtered protein by the tubular cells. Normally,...
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| Format: | Article |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2013-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
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| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2867/4-%204745_PF1(M)_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(M)_PF1(T)_FA(T)_PF1(PP).pdf |
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| author | Anoop Kumar Sangeeta Kapoor R.C. Gupta |
| author_facet | Anoop Kumar Sangeeta Kapoor R.C. Gupta |
| author_sort | Anoop Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Proteinuria has been recognized as one of
the earliest signs of renal function deterioration in Diabetes
mellitus. Proteinuria occurs due to alterations in the glomerular
permeability and later, due to a failure in the reabsorption of
filtered protein by the tubular cells. Normally, most of the healthy
adults excrete 20-150 mg of protein in urine over 24 hours.
Objectives: To find out the normal urinary Protein Creatinine
Index (PCI) in healthy subjects, to compare the urinary PCI of
diabetic patients with that of healthy subjects and to compare the
urinary PCI with dipsticks for the detection of microproteinuria.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 28 type 2
Diabetes mellitus patients and 40 age and sex matched healthy
controls. Freshly collected urine samples were tested qualitatively
for the presence of proteinuria by Heller’s test, the sulfosalicylic
acid test, heat-coagulation tests and urine dipsticks. Later on,
the results were compared by performing a quantitative analysis
of the protein in the spot urine samples by the sulfosalicylic acid
method. A quantitative analysis of creatinine was done by the
modified Jaffe’s test. The PCI was calculated for each of the
participant in the study. The Mean and Standard Deviation (SD)
of the PCI was calculated and it was compared between the two
groups.
Results: The normal range of the PCI which was established in
this study was 60 to 220. Significantly higher amount of proteins
were found to be excreted in urine in diabetic patients (25.37 ±
12.51 mg/dl) as compared to those in normal subjects (8.93 ±
3.54 mg/dl). On comparison of the PCI between the controls and
the diabetic subjects, it was found to be significantly elevated in
the Diabetes mellitus patients (controls = 114.65 ±47.97 and in
the diabetic patients =373.04 ± 98.53) ( p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The PCI of a random urine sample can provide a
very useful, simple and convenient method for the quantitative
assessment of proteinuria, to judge the extent of kidney damage
and for avoiding the drawbacks of the 24 - hr urine collections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T15:58:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c5fc296d87aa495bbb57badd9239f9a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T15:58:58Z |
| publishDate | 2013-04-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-c5fc296d87aa495bbb57badd9239f9a82022-12-21T20:14:59ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2013-04-017462262610.7860/JCDR/2013/4745.2867Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus PatientsAnoop Kumar0Sangeeta Kapoor1R.C. Gupta2MSc. Medical Biochemistry, Demonstrator, Department of Biochemistry, Rama Medical College, Ghaziabad (U.P.), India.Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Moradabad (U.P.), India.Professor & HOD, Department of Biochemistry, NIMS , Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Background: Proteinuria has been recognized as one of the earliest signs of renal function deterioration in Diabetes mellitus. Proteinuria occurs due to alterations in the glomerular permeability and later, due to a failure in the reabsorption of filtered protein by the tubular cells. Normally, most of the healthy adults excrete 20-150 mg of protein in urine over 24 hours. Objectives: To find out the normal urinary Protein Creatinine Index (PCI) in healthy subjects, to compare the urinary PCI of diabetic patients with that of healthy subjects and to compare the urinary PCI with dipsticks for the detection of microproteinuria. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 28 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Freshly collected urine samples were tested qualitatively for the presence of proteinuria by Heller’s test, the sulfosalicylic acid test, heat-coagulation tests and urine dipsticks. Later on, the results were compared by performing a quantitative analysis of the protein in the spot urine samples by the sulfosalicylic acid method. A quantitative analysis of creatinine was done by the modified Jaffe’s test. The PCI was calculated for each of the participant in the study. The Mean and Standard Deviation (SD) of the PCI was calculated and it was compared between the two groups. Results: The normal range of the PCI which was established in this study was 60 to 220. Significantly higher amount of proteins were found to be excreted in urine in diabetic patients (25.37 ± 12.51 mg/dl) as compared to those in normal subjects (8.93 ± 3.54 mg/dl). On comparison of the PCI between the controls and the diabetic subjects, it was found to be significantly elevated in the Diabetes mellitus patients (controls = 114.65 ±47.97 and in the diabetic patients =373.04 ± 98.53) ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: The PCI of a random urine sample can provide a very useful, simple and convenient method for the quantitative assessment of proteinuria, to judge the extent of kidney damage and for avoiding the drawbacks of the 24 - hr urine collections.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2867/4-%204745_PF1(M)_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(M)_PF1(T)_FA(T)_PF1(PP).pdfproteinuriaprotein-creatinine indexdiabetes mellitus |
| spellingShingle | Anoop Kumar Sangeeta Kapoor R.C. Gupta Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research proteinuria protein-creatinine index diabetes mellitus |
| title | Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_full | Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_short | Comparison of Urinary Protein: Creatinine Index and Dipsticks for Detection of Microproteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus Patients |
| title_sort | comparison of urinary protein creatinine index and dipsticks for detection of microproteinuria in diabetes mellitus patients |
| topic | proteinuria protein-creatinine index diabetes mellitus |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/2867/4-%204745_PF1(M)_E(C)_F(T)_PF1(M)_PF1(T)_FA(T)_PF1(PP).pdf |
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