Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella
ABSTRACTGram-negative Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that can survive in the harsh intracellular milieu of host cells. They have evolved strategies to evade detection and degradation by the host immune system, which ensures their proliferation in the host. Following infect...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Virulence |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2322961 |
| _version_ | 1797201687923916800 |
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| author | Yixuan Xi Xinru Li Lu Liu Feichen Xiu Xinchao Yi Hongliang Chen Xiaoxing You |
| author_facet | Yixuan Xi Xinru Li Lu Liu Feichen Xiu Xinchao Yi Hongliang Chen Xiaoxing You |
| author_sort | Yixuan Xi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTGram-negative Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that can survive in the harsh intracellular milieu of host cells. They have evolved strategies to evade detection and degradation by the host immune system, which ensures their proliferation in the host. Following infection, Bartonella alters the initial immunogenic surface-exposed proteins to evade immune recognition via antigen or phase variation. The diverse lipopolysaccharide structures of certain Bartonella species allow them to escape recognition by the host pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, the survival of mature erythrocytes and their resistance to lysosomal fusion further complicate the immune clearance of this species. Certain Bartonella species also evade immune attacks by producing biofilms and anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing endothelial cell apoptosis. Overall, these factors create a challenging landscape for the host immune system to rapidly and effectively eradicate the Bartonella species, thereby facilitating the persistence of Bartonella infections and creating a substantial obstacle for therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the effects of three human-specific Bartonella species, particularly their mechanisms of host invasion and immune escape, to gain new perspectives in the development of effective diagnostic tools, prophylactic measures, and treatment options for Bartonella infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:32:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c60455f8238243a1a700ee4282839d53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2150-5594 2150-5608 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:51:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Virulence |
| spelling | doaj.art-c60455f8238243a1a700ee4282839d532024-04-18T11:45:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082024-12-0115110.1080/21505594.2024.2322961Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of BartonellaYixuan Xi0Xinru Li1Lu Liu2Feichen Xiu3Xinchao Yi4Hongliang Chen5Xiaoxing You6Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaChenzhou NO.1 People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, ChenZhou, ChinaInstitute of Pathogenic Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, ChinaABSTRACTGram-negative Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria that can survive in the harsh intracellular milieu of host cells. They have evolved strategies to evade detection and degradation by the host immune system, which ensures their proliferation in the host. Following infection, Bartonella alters the initial immunogenic surface-exposed proteins to evade immune recognition via antigen or phase variation. The diverse lipopolysaccharide structures of certain Bartonella species allow them to escape recognition by the host pattern recognition receptors. Additionally, the survival of mature erythrocytes and their resistance to lysosomal fusion further complicate the immune clearance of this species. Certain Bartonella species also evade immune attacks by producing biofilms and anti-inflammatory cytokines and decreasing endothelial cell apoptosis. Overall, these factors create a challenging landscape for the host immune system to rapidly and effectively eradicate the Bartonella species, thereby facilitating the persistence of Bartonella infections and creating a substantial obstacle for therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on the effects of three human-specific Bartonella species, particularly their mechanisms of host invasion and immune escape, to gain new perspectives in the development of effective diagnostic tools, prophylactic measures, and treatment options for Bartonella infections.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2322961Bartonellaantigen variationintracellular survivalbiofilmapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Yixuan Xi Xinru Li Lu Liu Feichen Xiu Xinchao Yi Hongliang Chen Xiaoxing You Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella Virulence Bartonella antigen variation intracellular survival biofilm apoptosis |
| title | Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella |
| title_full | Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella |
| title_fullStr | Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella |
| title_short | Sneaky tactics: Ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of Bartonella |
| title_sort | sneaky tactics ingenious immune evasion mechanisms of bartonella |
| topic | Bartonella antigen variation intracellular survival biofilm apoptosis |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2024.2322961 |
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