An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India
In Kurnool district, due to the hot, arid climatic conditions, proper study of crop evapotranspiration and its effect on crop water demand for various crops is an extremely important issue. More focus will be given to the design and development of surface irrigation systems based mostly on furrow ir...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| author | Souvick Kumar Shaw Anurag Sharma Kishanjit Kumar Khatua Giuseppe Oliveto |
| author_facet | Souvick Kumar Shaw Anurag Sharma Kishanjit Kumar Khatua Giuseppe Oliveto |
| author_sort | Souvick Kumar Shaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Kurnool district, due to the hot, arid climatic conditions, proper study of crop evapotranspiration and its effect on crop water demand for various crops is an extremely important issue. More focus will be given to the design and development of surface irrigation systems based mostly on furrow irrigation, as the rainfall pattern for this district was irregular in 2005. The crop water requirement and furrow irrigation design parameters for optimising the beneficial utilisation of available water resources and field performances are studied in this research. Some major crops, such as cotton, sugarcane, sorghum, maize, and sunflower, are considered when adopting a suitable furrow irrigation system for soil conditions of the types black clay, red loamy, and medium loam. The reference crop evapotranspiration was estimated for 2005 based on the Penman–Monteith equation as per FAO guidelines by the CROPWAT 8.0 model. Crop Water Requirement (<i>CWR</i>), Net Irrigation Requirement (<i>NIR</i>), and Gross Irrigation Requirement (<i>GIR</i>) were determined for available climatic and soil conditions. Soil surface characteristics were studied using AQUACROP 6.1 and compared with CROPWAT 8.0 for model accuracy. Various conservative and non-conservative crop characteristics were studied under limited set conditions, and correlation equations were developed between different parameters. Moreover, different furrow irrigation design parameters were considered by FURDEV (a module of the SURDEV model) for three modes of operation (i.e., fixed flow, cutback flow, and tailwater reuse method) under modified SCS (Soil Conservation Service) families of soil infiltration characteristics. <i>NIR</i> values were 200 mm, 1423.2 mm, 220 mm, 150 mm, and 150 mm for cotton, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, and sunflower, respectively. A maximum significant dry yield was observed for maize (13.586 tonnes/ha). Additionally, the maximum application efficiency and storage efficiency were obtained at 95.5% for sorghum and 99.3% for sunflower, which would be a beneficial outcome of this research. In general, the results of this research might be very effective for the irrigation authority of Kurnool District to plan suitable approaches for designing and developing proper water management systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:45Z |
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| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:14:45Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c608aa75fd9d491bb086950db046a7772023-11-18T03:40:40ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-05-011510180110.3390/w15101801An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, IndiaSouvick Kumar Shaw0Anurag Sharma1Kishanjit Kumar Khatua2Giuseppe Oliveto3Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, IndiaSchool of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, ItalyIn Kurnool district, due to the hot, arid climatic conditions, proper study of crop evapotranspiration and its effect on crop water demand for various crops is an extremely important issue. More focus will be given to the design and development of surface irrigation systems based mostly on furrow irrigation, as the rainfall pattern for this district was irregular in 2005. The crop water requirement and furrow irrigation design parameters for optimising the beneficial utilisation of available water resources and field performances are studied in this research. Some major crops, such as cotton, sugarcane, sorghum, maize, and sunflower, are considered when adopting a suitable furrow irrigation system for soil conditions of the types black clay, red loamy, and medium loam. The reference crop evapotranspiration was estimated for 2005 based on the Penman–Monteith equation as per FAO guidelines by the CROPWAT 8.0 model. Crop Water Requirement (<i>CWR</i>), Net Irrigation Requirement (<i>NIR</i>), and Gross Irrigation Requirement (<i>GIR</i>) were determined for available climatic and soil conditions. Soil surface characteristics were studied using AQUACROP 6.1 and compared with CROPWAT 8.0 for model accuracy. Various conservative and non-conservative crop characteristics were studied under limited set conditions, and correlation equations were developed between different parameters. Moreover, different furrow irrigation design parameters were considered by FURDEV (a module of the SURDEV model) for three modes of operation (i.e., fixed flow, cutback flow, and tailwater reuse method) under modified SCS (Soil Conservation Service) families of soil infiltration characteristics. <i>NIR</i> values were 200 mm, 1423.2 mm, 220 mm, 150 mm, and 150 mm for cotton, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, and sunflower, respectively. A maximum significant dry yield was observed for maize (13.586 tonnes/ha). Additionally, the maximum application efficiency and storage efficiency were obtained at 95.5% for sorghum and 99.3% for sunflower, which would be a beneficial outcome of this research. In general, the results of this research might be very effective for the irrigation authority of Kurnool District to plan suitable approaches for designing and developing proper water management systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1801crop water requirement (<i>CWR</i>)field performancesdry yieldconservative and non-conservative crop characteristicsAQUACROP 6.1 softwareFURDEV model |
| spellingShingle | Souvick Kumar Shaw Anurag Sharma Kishanjit Kumar Khatua Giuseppe Oliveto An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India Water crop water requirement (<i>CWR</i>) field performances dry yield conservative and non-conservative crop characteristics AQUACROP 6.1 software FURDEV model |
| title | An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India |
| title_full | An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India |
| title_fullStr | An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India |
| title_short | An Integrated Approach to Evaluating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule for Optimizing Furrow Irrigation Design Parameters in Kurnool District, India |
| title_sort | integrated approach to evaluating crop water requirements and irrigation schedule for optimizing furrow irrigation design parameters in kurnool district india |
| topic | crop water requirement (<i>CWR</i>) field performances dry yield conservative and non-conservative crop characteristics AQUACROP 6.1 software FURDEV model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/10/1801 |
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