Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques
Essential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and...
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/716 |
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| author | Ibrahim Saleh Ahmed Abd-ElGawad Abd El-Nasser El Gendy Abeer Abd El Aty Tarik Mohamed Hazem Kassem Fahd Aldosri Abdelsamed Elshamy Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy |
| author_facet | Ibrahim Saleh Ahmed Abd-ElGawad Abd El-Nasser El Gendy Abeer Abd El Aty Tarik Mohamed Hazem Kassem Fahd Aldosri Abdelsamed Elshamy Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy |
| author_sort | Ibrahim Saleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Essential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> EOs extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Twenty-seven and twenty-eight compounds were identified from HD and MAE extracted EOs of <i>T. polium</i>, respectively. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes (57.68%) were characterized as the main components of the hydrodistilled EO with a prominence of 6-epi-shyobunol (33.00%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.48%) were the main components of the MAE method, with a prominence of delta-cadinene (25.13%). Eighteen and nineteen compounds, were characterized in <i>T. decussatus</i> EOs extracted using HD and MAE methods, respectively, and oxygenated monoterpenes represented the main components of both EOs with carvacrol (94.40% and 75.91%, respectively) as the main compound. The EOs extracted using the MAE method were slightly more phytotoxic than those extracted using the HD method. The <i>T. decussatus</i> EO extracted using the MAE method showed a higher inhibitory effect than <i>T. polium</i> by 16-, 32-, and 24-fold, regarding seed germination, shoot, and root growth of lettuce, respectively. Moreover, EOs extracted by HD method showed a similar pattern with 16-, 28-, and 14-fold effects. Both <i>T. decussatus</i> EOs exhibited potent inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria with an inhibition zone of 34–39 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.49, 0.98, and 1.95 μg/mL against <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Escherichia coli,</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively. However, the EOs of <i>T. polium</i> showed weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal effect. Further studies are needed for the characterization of bioactive major compounds, either singular or synergistic, at field scale and to determine their modes of action and safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:23:09Z |
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| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c60e44e434c549b3b8a7997213f035fd2023-11-20T02:49:22ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-06-019671610.3390/plants9060716Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted TechniquesIbrahim Saleh0Ahmed Abd-ElGawad1Abd El-Nasser El Gendy2Abeer Abd El Aty3Tarik Mohamed4Hazem Kassem5Fahd Aldosri6Abdelsamed Elshamy7Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy8Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptPlant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaMedicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi ArabiaChemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptAgricultural Extension and Rural Society Dept., College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Extension and Rural Society Dept., College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, JapanChemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptEssential oils (EOs) have been described as promising eco-friendly secondary products of aromatic plants with several biological activities. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and explore phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> EOs extracted using hydrodistillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. Twenty-seven and twenty-eight compounds were identified from HD and MAE extracted EOs of <i>T. polium</i>, respectively. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes (57.68%) were characterized as the main components of the hydrodistilled EO with a prominence of 6-epi-shyobunol (33.00%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.48%) were the main components of the MAE method, with a prominence of delta-cadinene (25.13%). Eighteen and nineteen compounds, were characterized in <i>T. decussatus</i> EOs extracted using HD and MAE methods, respectively, and oxygenated monoterpenes represented the main components of both EOs with carvacrol (94.40% and 75.91%, respectively) as the main compound. The EOs extracted using the MAE method were slightly more phytotoxic than those extracted using the HD method. The <i>T. decussatus</i> EO extracted using the MAE method showed a higher inhibitory effect than <i>T. polium</i> by 16-, 32-, and 24-fold, regarding seed germination, shoot, and root growth of lettuce, respectively. Moreover, EOs extracted by HD method showed a similar pattern with 16-, 28-, and 14-fold effects. Both <i>T. decussatus</i> EOs exhibited potent inhibitory effect against all tested bacteria with an inhibition zone of 34–39 mm and the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.49, 0.98, and 1.95 μg/mL against <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Escherichia coli,</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively. However, the EOs of <i>T. polium</i> showed weak antibacterial activity and no antifungal effect. Further studies are needed for the characterization of bioactive major compounds, either singular or synergistic, at field scale and to determine their modes of action and safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/716Lamiaceae<i>Teucrium polium</i><i>Thymus decussatus</i>essential oilsphytotoxicityantimicrobial |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim Saleh Ahmed Abd-ElGawad Abd El-Nasser El Gendy Abeer Abd El Aty Tarik Mohamed Hazem Kassem Fahd Aldosri Abdelsamed Elshamy Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques Plants Lamiaceae <i>Teucrium polium</i> <i>Thymus decussatus</i> essential oils phytotoxicity antimicrobial |
| title | Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques |
| title_full | Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques |
| title_short | Phytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Teucrium polium</i> and <i>Thymus decussatus</i> Essential Oils Extracted Using Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Techniques |
| title_sort | phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of i teucrium polium i and i thymus decussatus i essential oils extracted using hydrodistillation and microwave assisted techniques |
| topic | Lamiaceae <i>Teucrium polium</i> <i>Thymus decussatus</i> essential oils phytotoxicity antimicrobial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/6/716 |
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