Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review
Introduction Dental practitioners are exposed to different occupational hazards during the course of their professional activity, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic factors. The ergonomic hazards, caused by strained posture and prolonged repetitive movements, can induce musculoskeleta...
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PeerJ Inc.
2018-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/4154.pdf |
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| author | Simone De Sio Veronica Traversini Francesca Rinaldo Valerio Colasanti Giuseppe Buomprisco Roberto Perri Federica Mormone Giuseppe La Torre Fabrizio Guerra |
| author_facet | Simone De Sio Veronica Traversini Francesca Rinaldo Valerio Colasanti Giuseppe Buomprisco Roberto Perri Federica Mormone Giuseppe La Torre Fabrizio Guerra |
| author_sort | Simone De Sio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction Dental practitioners are exposed to different occupational hazards during the course of their professional activity, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic factors. The ergonomic hazards, caused by strained posture and prolonged repetitive movements, can induce musculoskeletal disorders. It occurs in 54–93% of dental professionals and involve the spine, shoulder and hand-wrist tract. Through a systematic review of international literature, we analyzed specific ergonomic risk factors and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in professional dental activity. Methods This systematic review is coherent with the PRISMA statement. The scientific research on the major online databases was based on the following keywords: dentist, prevention, ergonomic, dentistry, musculoskeletal, neck pain, posture, ergonomics, work and occupational. The studies included in this review focus on disorders related to ergonomics and on the most effective preventive measures to be adopted. No restrictions were applied for language or publication type. We excluded reports not related to ergonomic prevention in dentistry, reports of minor academic significance, editorial articles, individual contributions, and studies published in scientific conferences. Results Online research indicated 4188 references: PubMed (2919), Scopus (1257) e Cochrane Library (12). We excluded 3012 of these, because they were unrelated to ergonomics theme and 187 due to duplication. From the remaining 989 studies, 960 papers did not meet inclusion criteria and they were excluded. Therefore, we analyzed 29 articles, including 16 narrative reviews and 13 original article. The main risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders found in our analysis is static posture adopted during work, highlighted in 87.5% of reviews and 84% of original articles. With regard to preventive measures, 75% of the reviews highlighted the importance of stretching after each working session and at the end of the working day, while 61.5% of the original articles emphasized the use of modern and ergonomic instruments. Discussion This review showed that static postures are strongly responsible in the etiology of musculoskeletal disorders. The awkward postures more frequently identified among dental professionals are: extreme forward-head and neck flexion; trunk inclination and rotation towards one side; lifting one or both shoulders; increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column; incorrect positioning of the lower limbs with thigh-leg angle of less than 90°. It is really important to use of a modern workstation with appropriate ergonomic supports. Among the preventive ergonomic measures, literature has widely recognized the role of physical activity and of a neutral and balanced posture. The present review has some limits: a large part of the selected studies did not have a high methodological quality score and an inadequate statistical analysis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:31:27Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:31:27Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c60f696842bd4e2e9caaec580e0285422023-12-03T11:05:56ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592018-01-016e415410.7717/peerj.4154Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella reviewSimone De Sio0Veronica Traversini1Francesca Rinaldo2Valerio Colasanti3Giuseppe Buomprisco4Roberto Perri5Federica Mormone6Giuseppe La Torre7Fabrizio Guerra8U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalySpecialty School of Occupational Medicine - U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalySpecialty School of Occupational Medicine - U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalySpecialty School of Occupational Medicine - U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalySpecialty School of Occupational Medicine - U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalySpecialty School of Occupational Medicine - U.R. Occupational Medicine, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, ItalyIntroduction Dental practitioners are exposed to different occupational hazards during the course of their professional activity, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic factors. The ergonomic hazards, caused by strained posture and prolonged repetitive movements, can induce musculoskeletal disorders. It occurs in 54–93% of dental professionals and involve the spine, shoulder and hand-wrist tract. Through a systematic review of international literature, we analyzed specific ergonomic risk factors and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in professional dental activity. Methods This systematic review is coherent with the PRISMA statement. The scientific research on the major online databases was based on the following keywords: dentist, prevention, ergonomic, dentistry, musculoskeletal, neck pain, posture, ergonomics, work and occupational. The studies included in this review focus on disorders related to ergonomics and on the most effective preventive measures to be adopted. No restrictions were applied for language or publication type. We excluded reports not related to ergonomic prevention in dentistry, reports of minor academic significance, editorial articles, individual contributions, and studies published in scientific conferences. Results Online research indicated 4188 references: PubMed (2919), Scopus (1257) e Cochrane Library (12). We excluded 3012 of these, because they were unrelated to ergonomics theme and 187 due to duplication. From the remaining 989 studies, 960 papers did not meet inclusion criteria and they were excluded. Therefore, we analyzed 29 articles, including 16 narrative reviews and 13 original article. The main risk factor for the development of musculoskeletal disorders found in our analysis is static posture adopted during work, highlighted in 87.5% of reviews and 84% of original articles. With regard to preventive measures, 75% of the reviews highlighted the importance of stretching after each working session and at the end of the working day, while 61.5% of the original articles emphasized the use of modern and ergonomic instruments. Discussion This review showed that static postures are strongly responsible in the etiology of musculoskeletal disorders. The awkward postures more frequently identified among dental professionals are: extreme forward-head and neck flexion; trunk inclination and rotation towards one side; lifting one or both shoulders; increased curvature of the thoracic vertebral column; incorrect positioning of the lower limbs with thigh-leg angle of less than 90°. It is really important to use of a modern workstation with appropriate ergonomic supports. Among the preventive ergonomic measures, literature has widely recognized the role of physical activity and of a neutral and balanced posture. The present review has some limits: a large part of the selected studies did not have a high methodological quality score and an inadequate statistical analysis.https://peerj.com/articles/4154.pdfOccupational medicinePreventive measuresDentistryMusculoskeletal disordersErgonomic riskUmbrella review |
| spellingShingle | Simone De Sio Veronica Traversini Francesca Rinaldo Valerio Colasanti Giuseppe Buomprisco Roberto Perri Federica Mormone Giuseppe La Torre Fabrizio Guerra Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review PeerJ Occupational medicine Preventive measures Dentistry Musculoskeletal disorders Ergonomic risk Umbrella review |
| title | Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review |
| title_full | Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review |
| title_fullStr | Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review |
| title_short | Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: an umbrella review |
| title_sort | ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment an umbrella review |
| topic | Occupational medicine Preventive measures Dentistry Musculoskeletal disorders Ergonomic risk Umbrella review |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/4154.pdf |
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