Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid
Abstract The relationship between phase diagram features around the solid–liquid equilibrium region and ionic conductivity in aqueous solutions is not well understood over the whole concentration range as is the case for acidic aqueous solutions. In this work, we have studied the ionic conductivity...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56552-x |
| _version_ | 1797219894840786944 |
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| author | Hilal Al-Salih Yaser Abu-Lebdeh |
| author_facet | Hilal Al-Salih Yaser Abu-Lebdeh |
| author_sort | Hilal Al-Salih |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The relationship between phase diagram features around the solid–liquid equilibrium region and ionic conductivity in aqueous solutions is not well understood over the whole concentration range as is the case for acidic aqueous solutions. In this work, we have studied the ionic conductivity (κ) as a function of molar fraction (x) and temperature (T) for four acid/water solutions namely, monoprotic hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3), diprotic sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and triprotic phosphoric acid (H3PO4) along with their binary phase diagrams. The connection between the main features of the phase diagrams and the trends in the ionic conductivity isotherms is established with a new insight on the two pertinent dominant conductivity mechanisms (hopping and vehicular). Ionic conductivity at different temperatures were collected from literature and fitted to reported isothermal (κ vs. x) and iso-compositional (κ vs. T) equations along with a novel semi-empirical equation (κ = f (x, T)) for diprotic and triprotic acids. This equation not only has the best fit for acids with different valency; but also contains four parameters, less than any other similar equation in literature. This work is one of few that advances the understanding of the intricate relationship between structure and ionic transport in various acidic aqueous solutions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:40:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c61329aa6a6244c4ba513541486dd369 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:40:54Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c61329aa6a6244c4ba513541486dd3692024-04-07T11:15:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-04-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-56552-xInvestigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acidHilal Al-Salih0Yaser Abu-Lebdeh1Energy, Mining, and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council of CanadaEnergy, Mining, and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council of CanadaAbstract The relationship between phase diagram features around the solid–liquid equilibrium region and ionic conductivity in aqueous solutions is not well understood over the whole concentration range as is the case for acidic aqueous solutions. In this work, we have studied the ionic conductivity (κ) as a function of molar fraction (x) and temperature (T) for four acid/water solutions namely, monoprotic hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3), diprotic sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and triprotic phosphoric acid (H3PO4) along with their binary phase diagrams. The connection between the main features of the phase diagrams and the trends in the ionic conductivity isotherms is established with a new insight on the two pertinent dominant conductivity mechanisms (hopping and vehicular). Ionic conductivity at different temperatures were collected from literature and fitted to reported isothermal (κ vs. x) and iso-compositional (κ vs. T) equations along with a novel semi-empirical equation (κ = f (x, T)) for diprotic and triprotic acids. This equation not only has the best fit for acids with different valency; but also contains four parameters, less than any other similar equation in literature. This work is one of few that advances the understanding of the intricate relationship between structure and ionic transport in various acidic aqueous solutions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56552-xAcidsAqueous electrolyteLiquid solution structurePhase diagramIonic conductivityHydrochloric acid |
| spellingShingle | Hilal Al-Salih Yaser Abu-Lebdeh Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid Scientific Reports Acids Aqueous electrolyte Liquid solution structure Phase diagram Ionic conductivity Hydrochloric acid |
| title | Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| title_full | Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| title_short | Investigating the phase diagram-ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids: hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| title_sort | investigating the phase diagram ionic conductivity isotherm relationship in aqueous solutions of common acids hydrochloric nitric sulfuric and phosphoric acid |
| topic | Acids Aqueous electrolyte Liquid solution structure Phase diagram Ionic conductivity Hydrochloric acid |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56552-x |
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