Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci
The atypoid mygalomorphs include spiders from three described families that build a diverse array of entrance web constructs, including funnel-and-sheet webs, purse webs, trapdoors, turrets and silken collars. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have generally supported the monophyly of Atypoidea, but p...
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PeerJ Inc.
2019-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/6864.pdf |
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| author | Marshal Hedin Shahan Derkarabetian Adan Alfaro Martín J. Ramírez Jason E. Bond |
| author_facet | Marshal Hedin Shahan Derkarabetian Adan Alfaro Martín J. Ramírez Jason E. Bond |
| author_sort | Marshal Hedin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The atypoid mygalomorphs include spiders from three described families that build a diverse array of entrance web constructs, including funnel-and-sheet webs, purse webs, trapdoors, turrets and silken collars. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have generally supported the monophyly of Atypoidea, but prior studies have not sampled all relevant taxa. Here we generated a dataset of ultraconserved element loci for all described atypoid genera, including taxa (Mecicobothrium and Hexurella) key to understanding familial monophyly, divergence times, and patterns of entrance web evolution. We show that the conserved regions of the arachnid UCE probe set target exons, such that it should be possible to combine UCE and transcriptome datasets in arachnids. We also show that different UCE probes sometimes target the same protein, and under the matching parameters used here show that UCE alignments sometimes include non-orthologs. Using multiple curated phylogenomic matrices we recover a monophyletic Atypoidea, and reveal that the family Mecicobothriidae comprises four separate and divergent lineages. Fossil-calibrated divergence time analyses suggest ancient Triassic (or older) origins for several relictual atypoid lineages, with late Cretaceous/early Tertiary divergences within some genera indicating a high potential for cryptic species diversity. The ancestral entrance web construct for atypoids, and all mygalomorphs, is reconstructed as a funnel-and-sheet web. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:57:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c61d8e046a8d49de8b8afb94999a03f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:57:58Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c61d8e046a8d49de8b8afb94999a03f22023-12-03T00:51:35ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592019-05-017e686410.7717/peerj.6864Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element lociMarshal Hedin0Shahan Derkarabetian1Adan Alfaro2Martín J. Ramírez3Jason E. Bond4Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States of AmericaDivision of Arachnology, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States of AmericaThe atypoid mygalomorphs include spiders from three described families that build a diverse array of entrance web constructs, including funnel-and-sheet webs, purse webs, trapdoors, turrets and silken collars. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have generally supported the monophyly of Atypoidea, but prior studies have not sampled all relevant taxa. Here we generated a dataset of ultraconserved element loci for all described atypoid genera, including taxa (Mecicobothrium and Hexurella) key to understanding familial monophyly, divergence times, and patterns of entrance web evolution. We show that the conserved regions of the arachnid UCE probe set target exons, such that it should be possible to combine UCE and transcriptome datasets in arachnids. We also show that different UCE probes sometimes target the same protein, and under the matching parameters used here show that UCE alignments sometimes include non-orthologs. Using multiple curated phylogenomic matrices we recover a monophyletic Atypoidea, and reveal that the family Mecicobothriidae comprises four separate and divergent lineages. Fossil-calibrated divergence time analyses suggest ancient Triassic (or older) origins for several relictual atypoid lineages, with late Cretaceous/early Tertiary divergences within some genera indicating a high potential for cryptic species diversity. The ancestral entrance web construct for atypoids, and all mygalomorphs, is reconstructed as a funnel-and-sheet web.https://peerj.com/articles/6864.pdfSpiderPhylogenomicsUltraconserved elementOrthologyWeb evolutionMygalomorphae |
| spellingShingle | Marshal Hedin Shahan Derkarabetian Adan Alfaro Martín J. Ramírez Jason E. Bond Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci PeerJ Spider Phylogenomics Ultraconserved element Orthology Web evolution Mygalomorphae |
| title | Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| title_full | Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| title_fullStr | Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| title_short | Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| title_sort | phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders araneae mygalomorphae with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci |
| topic | Spider Phylogenomics Ultraconserved element Orthology Web evolution Mygalomorphae |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6864.pdf |
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