| Summary: | Given the medical and social significance of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection, timely and reliable diagnosis of the disease is required. The traditional invasive and non-invasive conventional diagnostic techniques have several limitations. Recently, opportunities for new diagnostic methods have appeared based on the recent advance in the study of <i>H. pylori</i> outer membrane proteins and their identified receptors. In the present study we assess the way in which outer membrane protein–cell receptor reactions are applicable in establishing a reliable diagnosis. Herein, as well as in other previous studies of ours, we explore the reliability of the binding reaction between the best characterized <i>H. pylori</i> adhesin BabA and its receptor, the blood antigen Le<sup>b</sup>. For the purpose we developed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and double resonance long period grating (DR LPG) biosensors based on the BabA–Le<sup>b</sup> binding reaction for diagnosing <i>H. pylori</i> infection. In SPR detection, the sensitivity was estimated at 3000 CFU/mL—a much higher sensitivity than that of the RUT test. The DR LPG biosensor proved to be superior in terms of accuracy and sensitivity—concentrations as low as 10<sup>2</sup> CFU/mL were detected.
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