Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis
In naturally occurring bovine mastitis, effects of infection depend on the host inflammatory response, including the effects of secreted cytokines. Knowledge about the inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in milk cells of free-stall barn dairy cows and in naturally occurring mastitis is lacking as...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| author | Zane Vitenberga-Verza Māra Pilmane Ksenija Šerstņova Ivars Melderis Łukasz Gontar Maksymilian Kochański Andżelika Drutowska Gergely Maróti Beatriz Prieto-Simón |
| author_facet | Zane Vitenberga-Verza Māra Pilmane Ksenija Šerstņova Ivars Melderis Łukasz Gontar Maksymilian Kochański Andżelika Drutowska Gergely Maróti Beatriz Prieto-Simón |
| author_sort | Zane Vitenberga-Verza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In naturally occurring bovine mastitis, effects of infection depend on the host inflammatory response, including the effects of secreted cytokines. Knowledge about the inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in milk cells of free-stall barn dairy cows and in naturally occurring mastitis is lacking as most studies focus on induced mastitis. Hereby, the aim of the study was to determine inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the milk of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The following examinations of milk samples were performed: differential counting of somatic cells (SCC), bacteriological examination, and immunocytochemical analysis. Mean SCC increased in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases. The number of pathogenic mastitis-causing bacteria on plates increased in subclinical mastitis cases but decreased in clinical mastitis. The inflammatory and regulatory markers in the milk cells of healthy cows showed the highest mean cell numbers (%). In mastitis cases, immunoreactivity was more pronounced for IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Data about subclinical and clinical mastitis demonstrate inflammatory responses to intramammary infection driven by IL-1α, IL-4, and IL-17A. Moreover, the host defense response in mastitis is characterized by continuation or resolution of initial inflammation. IL-12 and INF-γ immunoreactivity was recognized to differ mastitis cases from the relative health status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c62116157ac3439292034b3e6c388a17 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-c62116157ac3439292034b3e6c388a172023-11-30T21:53:07ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-03-0111337210.3390/pathogens11030372Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical MastitisZane Vitenberga-Verza0Māra Pilmane1Ksenija Šerstņova2Ivars Melderis3Łukasz Gontar4Maksymilian Kochański5Andżelika Drutowska6Gergely Maróti7Beatriz Prieto-Simón8The Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1010 Rīga, LatviaThe Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1010 Rīga, LatviaThe Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1010 Rīga, LatviaThe Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1010 Rīga, LatviaResearch and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia, 95-050 Konstantynów Łódzki, PolandResearch and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia, 95-050 Konstantynów Łódzki, PolandResearch and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia, 95-050 Konstantynów Łódzki, PolandSeqomics Biotechnology Ltd., 6782 Morahalom, HungaryDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, SpainIn naturally occurring bovine mastitis, effects of infection depend on the host inflammatory response, including the effects of secreted cytokines. Knowledge about the inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in milk cells of free-stall barn dairy cows and in naturally occurring mastitis is lacking as most studies focus on induced mastitis. Hereby, the aim of the study was to determine inflammatory and regulatory cytokines in the milk of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. The following examinations of milk samples were performed: differential counting of somatic cells (SCC), bacteriological examination, and immunocytochemical analysis. Mean SCC increased in subclinical and clinical mastitis cases. The number of pathogenic mastitis-causing bacteria on plates increased in subclinical mastitis cases but decreased in clinical mastitis. The inflammatory and regulatory markers in the milk cells of healthy cows showed the highest mean cell numbers (%). In mastitis cases, immunoreactivity was more pronounced for IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Data about subclinical and clinical mastitis demonstrate inflammatory responses to intramammary infection driven by IL-1α, IL-4, and IL-17A. Moreover, the host defense response in mastitis is characterized by continuation or resolution of initial inflammation. IL-12 and INF-γ immunoreactivity was recognized to differ mastitis cases from the relative health status.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/372mastitisbovinecytokinesinflammationimmunohistochemistrymilk |
| spellingShingle | Zane Vitenberga-Verza Māra Pilmane Ksenija Šerstņova Ivars Melderis Łukasz Gontar Maksymilian Kochański Andżelika Drutowska Gergely Maróti Beatriz Prieto-Simón Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis Pathogens mastitis bovine cytokines inflammation immunohistochemistry milk |
| title | Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis |
| title_full | Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis |
| title_short | Identification of Inflammatory and Regulatory Cytokines IL-1α-, IL-4-, IL-6-, IL-12-, IL-13-, IL-17A-, TNF-α-, and IFN-γ-Producing Cells in the Milk of Dairy Cows with Subclinical and Clinical Mastitis |
| title_sort | identification of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines il 1α il 4 il 6 il 12 il 13 il 17a tnf α and ifn γ producing cells in the milk of dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis |
| topic | mastitis bovine cytokines inflammation immunohistochemistry milk |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/3/372 |
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