Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation
Angiography is a very informative method for physicians such as cardiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists. The current modalities experience some shortages, e.g., ultrasound is very operator dependent. The computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography are very expensive...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2950 |
| _version_ | 1797580630810165248 |
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| author | Somayyeh Chamaani Jürgen Sachs Alexandra Prokhorova Carsten Smeenk Tim Erich Wegner Marko Helbig |
| author_facet | Somayyeh Chamaani Jürgen Sachs Alexandra Prokhorova Carsten Smeenk Tim Erich Wegner Marko Helbig |
| author_sort | Somayyeh Chamaani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Angiography is a very informative method for physicians such as cardiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists. The current modalities experience some shortages, e.g., ultrasound is very operator dependent. The computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography are very expensive and near infrared spectroscopy cannot capture the deep arteries. Microwave technology has the potential to address some of these issues while compromising between operator dependency, cost, speed, penetration depth and resolution. This paper studies the feasibility of microwave signals for monitoring of arteries. To this aim, a homogenous phantom mimicking body tissue is built. Four elastic tubes simulate arteries and a mechanical system creates pulsations in these arteries. A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array of ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitters and receivers illuminates the phantom and captures the reflected signals over the desired observation time period. Since we are only interested in the imaging of dynamic parts, i.e., arteries, the static clutters can be suppressed easily by background subtraction method. To obtain a fast image of arteries, which are pulsating with the heartbeat rate, we calculate the Fourier transform of each channel of the MIMO system over the observation time and apply delay and sum (DAS) beamforming method on the heartbeat rate aligned spectral component. The results show that the lateral and longitudinal images and motion mode (M-mode) time series of different points of phantom have the potential to be used for diagnosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:52:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c62d7d87417f410c8f6d0579d08d7b3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:52:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c62d7d87417f410c8f6d0579d08d7b3c2023-11-19T10:13:50ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182023-09-011318295010.3390/diagnostics13182950Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary InvestigationSomayyeh Chamaani0Jürgen Sachs1Alexandra Prokhorova2Carsten Smeenk3Tim Erich Wegner4Marko Helbig5Time Domain Electromagnetics Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 16317, IranElectronic Measurements and Signal Processing Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyBiosignal Processing Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyElectronic Measurements and Signal Processing Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyElectronic Measurements and Signal Processing Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyBiosignal Processing Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, GermanyAngiography is a very informative method for physicians such as cardiologists, neurologists and neuroscientists. The current modalities experience some shortages, e.g., ultrasound is very operator dependent. The computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography are very expensive and near infrared spectroscopy cannot capture the deep arteries. Microwave technology has the potential to address some of these issues while compromising between operator dependency, cost, speed, penetration depth and resolution. This paper studies the feasibility of microwave signals for monitoring of arteries. To this aim, a homogenous phantom mimicking body tissue is built. Four elastic tubes simulate arteries and a mechanical system creates pulsations in these arteries. A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) array of ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitters and receivers illuminates the phantom and captures the reflected signals over the desired observation time period. Since we are only interested in the imaging of dynamic parts, i.e., arteries, the static clutters can be suppressed easily by background subtraction method. To obtain a fast image of arteries, which are pulsating with the heartbeat rate, we calculate the Fourier transform of each channel of the MIMO system over the observation time and apply delay and sum (DAS) beamforming method on the heartbeat rate aligned spectral component. The results show that the lateral and longitudinal images and motion mode (M-mode) time series of different points of phantom have the potential to be used for diagnosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2950microwave imagingangiographyarterial imagingMIMO ultra-wideband array |
| spellingShingle | Somayyeh Chamaani Jürgen Sachs Alexandra Prokhorova Carsten Smeenk Tim Erich Wegner Marko Helbig Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation Diagnostics microwave imaging angiography arterial imaging MIMO ultra-wideband array |
| title | Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation |
| title_full | Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation |
| title_fullStr | Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation |
| title_short | Microwave Angiography by Ultra-Wideband Sounding: A Preliminary Investigation |
| title_sort | microwave angiography by ultra wideband sounding a preliminary investigation |
| topic | microwave imaging angiography arterial imaging MIMO ultra-wideband array |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/13/18/2950 |
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