Soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry within aggregate size classes varied with tea plantation age and soil depth in southern Guangxi in China
<p>Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution, cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation ecosystems. This study aimed to explore how soil organic C (OC) and nutrient contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), <span class="inline-for...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2022-07-01
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| Series: | SOIL |
| Online Access: | https://soil.copernicus.org/articles/8/487/2022/soil-8-487-2022.pdf |
| Summary: | <p>Soil ecological stoichiometry offers a tool to explore the distribution,
cycling, limitation, and balance of chemical elements in tea plantation
ecosystems. This study aimed to explore how soil organic C (OC) and nutrient
contents (total N (TN), total P (TP), <span class="inline-formula">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span>, <span class="inline-formula">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span>, <span class="inline-formula">Fe<sup>2+</sup></span>, and
<span class="inline-formula">Mn<sup>2+</sup></span>) as well as their stoichiometric ratios (<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="97d7513edfab048ac3205427628f45b9"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b7606dc9d2e470c468667c371f60ebdf"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00002.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="71da5c94817e7b9b197d5bba9a039537"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00003.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a3310ec6fa1b41363b5527c26673abcb"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00004.svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, and
<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="7873b4c18bf9f68da0b750f53d6f7eb0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00005.svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>) varied with tea plantation age (8, 17, 25, and 43 years) and soil
depth (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) within aggregates in southern Guangxi in China. Our results showed that tea plantation age and soil depth
significantly affected soil nutrient stoichiometry in different sizes of
aggregates. Among different ages of tea plantations, soil OC, TN, and TP
contents as well as <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="497f528d2af018b165f67656d390570d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00006.svg" width="24pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a809ba173f56f28618183e05b075e3fc"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00007.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>, and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b8cab38358fca18503119a8c07310275"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00008.svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00008.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios significantly decreased as the
soil depth increased. In addition, soil <span class="inline-formula">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span> contents
were significantly lower in the surface soil layer than the deeper soil
layer, whereas soil <span class="inline-formula">Fe<sup>2+</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">Mn<sup>2+</sup></span> contents showed opposite trends,
and no significant differences were detected in <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="308f7e5fd3ce5295b5b98f15074a4204"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00009.svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00009.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="11dd08508c649770f03097fdeb911379"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00010.svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00010.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratios among
different soil depths. At the 0–40 cm soil depth, continuous planting of tea
corresponded to increases in soil OC, TN, <span class="inline-formula">Fe<sup>2+</sup></span>, and <span class="inline-formula">Mn<sup>2+</sup></span> contents, whereas soil <span class="inline-formula">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span> contents significantly
decreased over time. During the process of tea growth, the losses of soil
<span class="inline-formula">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">Mg<sup>2+</sup></span>, especially <span class="inline-formula">Ca<sup>2+</sup></span> (as indicated by the decrease
in the soil <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ca</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c83c2aafdd5d3e39e81200723c24940f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00011.svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00011.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratio), led to soil acidification, which reduced <span class="inline-formula">Fe<sup>2+</sup></span> absorption and enhanced <span class="inline-formula">Mn<sup>2+</sup></span> uptake by tea plants (as indicated by the
increase in the soil <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M29" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f9b1491dbf105b3e035125417bb8a056"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="soil-8-487-2022-ie00012.svg" width="36pt" height="14pt" src="soil-8-487-2022-ie00012.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratio). In general, tea plantation age affected the variations of soil nutrient contents and stoichiometry, and such effects
were more obvious at the 0–40 cm soil depth, in contrast to the 40–60 cm soil depth.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 2199-3971 2199-398X |