Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide
Two-Spotted Spider Mites (TSSMs, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)) is one of the most important pests in many crop plants, and their feeding activity is based on sucking leaf cell contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between TSSMs...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1715 |
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| author | Ambra S. Parmagnani Giuseppe Mannino Carla Brillada Mara Novero Luca Dall’Osto Massimo E. Maffei |
| author_facet | Ambra S. Parmagnani Giuseppe Mannino Carla Brillada Mara Novero Luca Dall’Osto Massimo E. Maffei |
| author_sort | Ambra S. Parmagnani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two-Spotted Spider Mites (TSSMs, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)) is one of the most important pests in many crop plants, and their feeding activity is based on sucking leaf cell contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between TSSMs and their host Lima bean (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>) by analyzing the metabolomics of leaf pigments and the transcriptomics of TSSM guanine production. We also used epifluorescence, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopies to study the morphology and structure of TSSMs and their excreta. Finally, we evaluated the potential photosynthetic ability of TSSMs and the activity and content of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxigenase (RubisCO). We found that TSSMs express several genes involved in guanine production, including Guanosine Monophosphate Synthetase (<i>GMPS</i>) and decoyinine (DCY), a potential inhibitor of GMPS, was found to reduce TSSMs proliferation in infested Lima bean leaves. Despite the presence of intact chloroplasts and chlorophyll in TSSMs, we demonstrate that TSSMs do not retain any photosynthetic activity. Our results show for the first time the transcriptomics of guanine production in TSSMs and provide new insight into the catabolic activity of TSSMs on leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids. Finally, we preliminary demonstrate that DCY has an acaricidal potential against TSSMs. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6337fea1bf543c48d6d7a80b03974f7 |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:18:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6337fea1bf543c48d6d7a80b03974f72023-11-30T22:44:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242171510.3390/ijms24021715Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential AcaricideAmbra S. Parmagnani0Giuseppe Mannino1Carla Brillada2Mara Novero3Luca Dall’Osto4Massimo E. Maffei5Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, ItalyAlbert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Institut für Biologie II, Zellbiologie, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, ItalyLaboratory of Photosynthesis, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, ItalyTwo-Spotted Spider Mites (TSSMs, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)) is one of the most important pests in many crop plants, and their feeding activity is based on sucking leaf cell contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between TSSMs and their host Lima bean (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>) by analyzing the metabolomics of leaf pigments and the transcriptomics of TSSM guanine production. We also used epifluorescence, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopies to study the morphology and structure of TSSMs and their excreta. Finally, we evaluated the potential photosynthetic ability of TSSMs and the activity and content of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxigenase (RubisCO). We found that TSSMs express several genes involved in guanine production, including Guanosine Monophosphate Synthetase (<i>GMPS</i>) and decoyinine (DCY), a potential inhibitor of GMPS, was found to reduce TSSMs proliferation in infested Lima bean leaves. Despite the presence of intact chloroplasts and chlorophyll in TSSMs, we demonstrate that TSSMs do not retain any photosynthetic activity. Our results show for the first time the transcriptomics of guanine production in TSSMs and provide new insight into the catabolic activity of TSSMs on leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids. Finally, we preliminary demonstrate that DCY has an acaricidal potential against TSSMs.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1715<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>spider miteguanineRubisCOcarotenoidschlorophylls |
| spellingShingle | Ambra S. Parmagnani Giuseppe Mannino Carla Brillada Mara Novero Luca Dall’Osto Massimo E. Maffei Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Phaseolus lunatus</i> spider mite guanine RubisCO carotenoids chlorophylls |
| title | Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide |
| title_full | Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide |
| title_fullStr | Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide |
| title_short | Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite (<i>Tetranychus urticae</i>): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide |
| title_sort | biology of two spotted spider mite i tetranychus urticae i ultrastructure photosynthesis guanine transcriptomics carotenoids and chlorophylls metabolism and decoyinine as a potential acaricide |
| topic | <i>Phaseolus lunatus</i> spider mite guanine RubisCO carotenoids chlorophylls |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1715 |
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