The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable ris...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AOSIS
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | South African Family Practice |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5553 |
| _version_ | 1797937208737398784 |
|---|---|
| author | Matthew O.A. Benedict Wilhelm J. Steinberg Frederik M. Claassen Nathaniel Mofolo |
| author_facet | Matthew O.A. Benedict Wilhelm J. Steinberg Frederik M. Claassen Nathaniel Mofolo |
| author_sort | Matthew O.A. Benedict |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable risk factors for PCa are mostly behavioural and lifestyle. Understanding community-specific determinants is important when developing health promotion interventions.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of African men with PCa in the Free State, South Africa.
Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using case record information and self-administered questionnaires among 341 African men with PCa attending the oncology and urology clinics of a tertiary hospital.
Result: Participants’ median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Only 76 (22.3%) participants had ever heard of PCa prior to being diagnosed with the disease, 36 (47.4%) of whom had ever had screening performed. The majority (n = 298, 87.4%) were symptomatic; 50% sought medical help within six months. At diagnosis, 133 (39.0%) men presented with stage T3 or T4 disease, 75 (22.0%) with metastatic disease and 84 (24.6%) with Gleason score ≥ 8. Factors associated with advanced and high-grade disease included smoking, decreased sunlight exposure and physical activity, relatively increased ingestion of dairy products and red meat. Factors associated with early stage and low-grade disease included relatively increased ingestion of fruits, vegetables and fish.
Conclusion: Advanced and high-grade PCa disease is not uncommon among men ≥ 60 years in this study setting. Certain modifiable risk factors associated with advanced disease were established in this study. The majority had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to PCa diagnosis, but they were of poor health-seeking behaviour. Although there seems not to be a systematic delay in the definitive diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PCa, there is a need to improve on health education and awareness in the study setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:42:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6432787e5a545ca8d3c78dcc13a353a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-6190 2078-6204 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:42:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | South African Family Practice |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6432787e5a545ca8d3c78dcc13a353a2023-02-01T13:06:31ZengAOSISSouth African Family Practice2078-61902078-62042023-01-01651e1e1010.4102/safp.v65i1.55534295The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South AfricaMatthew O.A. Benedict0Wilhelm J. Steinberg1Frederik M. Claassen2Nathaniel Mofolo3Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinDepartment of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, BloemfonteinBackground: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable risk factors for PCa are mostly behavioural and lifestyle. Understanding community-specific determinants is important when developing health promotion interventions. Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of African men with PCa in the Free State, South Africa. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using case record information and self-administered questionnaires among 341 African men with PCa attending the oncology and urology clinics of a tertiary hospital. Result: Participants’ median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Only 76 (22.3%) participants had ever heard of PCa prior to being diagnosed with the disease, 36 (47.4%) of whom had ever had screening performed. The majority (n = 298, 87.4%) were symptomatic; 50% sought medical help within six months. At diagnosis, 133 (39.0%) men presented with stage T3 or T4 disease, 75 (22.0%) with metastatic disease and 84 (24.6%) with Gleason score ≥ 8. Factors associated with advanced and high-grade disease included smoking, decreased sunlight exposure and physical activity, relatively increased ingestion of dairy products and red meat. Factors associated with early stage and low-grade disease included relatively increased ingestion of fruits, vegetables and fish. Conclusion: Advanced and high-grade PCa disease is not uncommon among men ≥ 60 years in this study setting. Certain modifiable risk factors associated with advanced disease were established in this study. The majority had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to PCa diagnosis, but they were of poor health-seeking behaviour. Although there seems not to be a systematic delay in the definitive diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PCa, there is a need to improve on health education and awareness in the study setting.https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5553prostate cancerblack menafrican menrisk factorssocial determinantsdisease stage and grade |
| spellingShingle | Matthew O.A. Benedict Wilhelm J. Steinberg Frederik M. Claassen Nathaniel Mofolo The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa South African Family Practice prostate cancer black men african men risk factors social determinants disease stage and grade |
| title | The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa |
| title_full | The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa |
| title_fullStr | The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa |
| title_short | The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa |
| title_sort | profile of black south african men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the free state south africa |
| topic | prostate cancer black men african men risk factors social determinants disease stage and grade |
| url | https://safpj.co.za/index.php/safpj/article/view/5553 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matthewoabenedict theprofileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT wilhelmjsteinberg theprofileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT frederikmclaassen theprofileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT nathanielmofolo theprofileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT matthewoabenedict profileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT wilhelmjsteinberg profileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT frederikmclaassen profileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica AT nathanielmofolo profileofblacksouthafricanmendiagnosedwithprostatecancerinthefreestatesouthafrica |