The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation
BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with high seroprevalence in the general population with an unremarkable clinical presentation in healthy people, but a potential for causing serious complications in immunosuppressed transplanted patients. Reactivation or primary infection in kidney allograft recipie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1417 |
| _version_ | 1827700431100313600 |
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| author | Marija Burek Kamenaric Vanja Ivkovic Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek Renata Zunec |
| author_facet | Marija Burek Kamenaric Vanja Ivkovic Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek Renata Zunec |
| author_sort | Marija Burek Kamenaric |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with high seroprevalence in the general population with an unremarkable clinical presentation in healthy people, but a potential for causing serious complications in immunosuppressed transplanted patients. Reactivation or primary infection in kidney allograft recipients may lead to allograft dysfunction and subsequent loss. Currently, there is no widely accepted specific treatment for BKV infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay therapy. Given this and the sequential appearance of viruria-viremia-nephropathy, screening and early detection are of utmost importance. There are numerous risk factors associated with BKV infection including genetic factors, among them human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) alleles have been shown to be the strongest so far. Identification of patients at risk for BKV infection would be useful in prevention or early action to reduce morbidity and progression to frank nephropathy. Assessment of risk involving HLA ligands and KIR genotyping of recipients in the pre-transplant or early post-transplant period might be useful in clinical practice. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association between HLA, KIR and BKV infection and potential future directions of research, which might lead to optimal utilization of these genetic markers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6451fc6227c46009115b38d5c26bbc3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:12:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6451fc6227c46009115b38d5c26bbc32023-11-21T00:05:56ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-12-011212141710.3390/v12121417The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney TransplantationMarija Burek Kamenaric0Vanja Ivkovic1Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek2Renata Zunec3Tissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaTissue Typing Center, Clinical Department of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Biology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaBK virus (BKV) is a polyomavirus with high seroprevalence in the general population with an unremarkable clinical presentation in healthy people, but a potential for causing serious complications in immunosuppressed transplanted patients. Reactivation or primary infection in kidney allograft recipients may lead to allograft dysfunction and subsequent loss. Currently, there is no widely accepted specific treatment for BKV infection and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is the mainstay therapy. Given this and the sequential appearance of viruria-viremia-nephropathy, screening and early detection are of utmost importance. There are numerous risk factors associated with BKV infection including genetic factors, among them human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) alleles have been shown to be the strongest so far. Identification of patients at risk for BKV infection would be useful in prevention or early action to reduce morbidity and progression to frank nephropathy. Assessment of risk involving HLA ligands and KIR genotyping of recipients in the pre-transplant or early post-transplant period might be useful in clinical practice. This review summarizes current knowledge of the association between HLA, KIR and BKV infection and potential future directions of research, which might lead to optimal utilization of these genetic markers.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1417BK virusBK virus-associated nephropathykidney transplantationhuman leukocyte antigenkiller-cell immunoglobulin-like receptornatural killer cells |
| spellingShingle | Marija Burek Kamenaric Vanja Ivkovic Ivana Kovacevic Vojtusek Renata Zunec The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation Viruses BK virus BK virus-associated nephropathy kidney transplantation human leukocyte antigen killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor natural killer cells |
| title | The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation |
| title_full | The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation |
| title_fullStr | The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation |
| title_short | The Role of HLA and KIR Immunogenetics in BK Virus Infection after Kidney Transplantation |
| title_sort | role of hla and kir immunogenetics in bk virus infection after kidney transplantation |
| topic | BK virus BK virus-associated nephropathy kidney transplantation human leukocyte antigen killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor natural killer cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1417 |
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