| Summary: | Hydrogen production by the electrolysis of water is a green and efficient method, which is of great significance for achieving sustainable development. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) is a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its high electrochemical activity, low cost, and abundant reserves. In comparison to the noble metal Pt, MoS<sub>2</sub> has poorer hydrogen evolution performance in water electrolysis. Therefore, further modifications of MoS<sub>2</sub> need to be developed aiming at improving its catalytic performance. The present work summarizes the modification strategies that have been developed in the past three years on hydrogen evolution from water electrolysis by utilizing MoS<sub>2</sub> as the electrocatalyst and following the two aspects of internal and external modifications. The former includes the strategies of interlayer spacing, sulfur vacancy, phase transition, and element doping, while the latter includes the heterostructure and conductive substrate. If the current gap in this paper’s focus on modification strategies for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in water electrolysis is addressed, MoS<sub>2</sub> will perform best in acidic or alkaline media. In addition to that, the present work also discusses the challenges and future development directions of MoS<sub>2</sub> catalysts.
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