Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program
The aim of the study was the evaluation of selected species of meadow plants obtained from the first cut from the area covered by the agri-environmental program ‘Natura 2000’ in terms of the presence of cytotoxic compounds detected by the MTT test and the level of fungal contamin...
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MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/4/228 |
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| author | Magdalena Twarużek Romuald Dembek Dariusz Pańka Ewelina Soszczyńska Ewa Zastempowska Jan Grajewski |
| author_facet | Magdalena Twarużek Romuald Dembek Dariusz Pańka Ewelina Soszczyńska Ewa Zastempowska Jan Grajewski |
| author_sort | Magdalena Twarużek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was the evaluation of selected species of meadow plants obtained from the first cut from the area covered by the agri-environmental program ‘Natura 2000’ in terms of the presence of cytotoxic compounds detected by the MTT test and the level of fungal contamination. The research was carried out on plant species that were evaluated differently in previously used methods for quality assessment of pasture feeds according to Klapp and Filipek. Twenty-six plant species were harvested in 2014 from meadows located in the valley of the Bydgoszcz Canal. Mycological examination of meadow plant samples was carried out according to PN-ISO 7954:1999. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using the MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test. Selected samples were also subjected to evaluation of the endophytes occurrence in grasses using PCR. Natural meadow positions included in the study were dominated by moulds belonging to <i>Humicola</i> spp., <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Torula</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Mucor</i> spp. The highest level of fungal contamination was observed for <i>Carex acutiformis</i> Ehrh. The most infested grasses were <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> (L.) P.Beauv., <i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb. and <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. The MTT test showed that the most cytotoxic species were <i>Arrhenatherum elatius</i> (L.) P.Beauv. (IC<sub>50</sub> 1.563 mg/mL) and <i>Ranunculus repens</i> L. (IC<sub>50</sub> 3.125 mg/mL). <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes were detected in one of 13 examined grass samples. Our own research suggests that previously used feed quality assessments should be verified by introducing modern methods of molecular biology and instrumental analysis. Results of this study may broaden the knowledge of the causes of problems resulting from feeding of roughage, mainly from natural meadows, and help in creating new rankings of the feed value of meadow sward components. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c64d0bd0c57e42469568a5b0a10012d92022-12-22T02:21:48ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-04-0111422810.3390/toxins11040228toxins11040228Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental ProgramMagdalena Twarużek0Romuald Dembek1Dariusz Pańka2Ewelina Soszczyńska3Ewa Zastempowska4Jan Grajewski5Department of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, PolandThe aim of the study was the evaluation of selected species of meadow plants obtained from the first cut from the area covered by the agri-environmental program ‘Natura 2000’ in terms of the presence of cytotoxic compounds detected by the MTT test and the level of fungal contamination. The research was carried out on plant species that were evaluated differently in previously used methods for quality assessment of pasture feeds according to Klapp and Filipek. Twenty-six plant species were harvested in 2014 from meadows located in the valley of the Bydgoszcz Canal. Mycological examination of meadow plant samples was carried out according to PN-ISO 7954:1999. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed using the MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test. Selected samples were also subjected to evaluation of the endophytes occurrence in grasses using PCR. Natural meadow positions included in the study were dominated by moulds belonging to <i>Humicola</i> spp., <i>Alternaria</i> spp., <i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Torula</i> spp., <i>Fusarium</i> spp. and <i>Mucor</i> spp. The highest level of fungal contamination was observed for <i>Carex acutiformis</i> Ehrh. The most infested grasses were <i>Deschampsia caespitosa</i> (L.) P.Beauv., <i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb. and <i>Lolium perenne</i> L. The MTT test showed that the most cytotoxic species were <i>Arrhenatherum elatius</i> (L.) P.Beauv. (IC<sub>50</sub> 1.563 mg/mL) and <i>Ranunculus repens</i> L. (IC<sub>50</sub> 3.125 mg/mL). <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes were detected in one of 13 examined grass samples. Our own research suggests that previously used feed quality assessments should be verified by introducing modern methods of molecular biology and instrumental analysis. Results of this study may broaden the knowledge of the causes of problems resulting from feeding of roughage, mainly from natural meadows, and help in creating new rankings of the feed value of meadow sward components.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/4/228meadow plantscytotoxicityfungal contaminationendophytes |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Twarużek Romuald Dembek Dariusz Pańka Ewelina Soszczyńska Ewa Zastempowska Jan Grajewski Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program Toxins meadow plants cytotoxicity fungal contamination endophytes |
| title | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program |
| title_full | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program |
| title_short | Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Mould Contamination of Selected Plants from Meadows Covered by the Agri-Environmental Program |
| title_sort | evaluation of cytotoxicity and mould contamination of selected plants from meadows covered by the agri environmental program |
| topic | meadow plants cytotoxicity fungal contamination endophytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/4/228 |
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