Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay
Montmorillonite clay has a wide range of applications, one of which includes the binding of mycotoxins in foods and feeds through adsorption. T-2 toxin, produced by some <i>Fusarium, Myrothecium,</i> and <i>Stachybotrys</i> species, causes dystrophy in the brain, heart, and k...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/11/616 |
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| author | Bunmi K. Olopade Solomon U. Oranusi Obinna C. Nwinyi Isiaka A. Lawal Sefater Gbashi Patrick B. Njobeh |
| author_facet | Bunmi K. Olopade Solomon U. Oranusi Obinna C. Nwinyi Isiaka A. Lawal Sefater Gbashi Patrick B. Njobeh |
| author_sort | Bunmi K. Olopade |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Montmorillonite clay has a wide range of applications, one of which includes the binding of mycotoxins in foods and feeds through adsorption. T-2 toxin, produced by some <i>Fusarium, Myrothecium,</i> and <i>Stachybotrys</i> species, causes dystrophy in the brain, heart, and kidney. Various formulations that include lemongrass essential oil-modified montmorillonite clay (LGEO-MMT), lemongrass powder (LGP), montmorillonite clay washed with 1 mM NaCl (Na-MMT), montmorillonite clay (MMT), and lemongrass powder mixed with montmorillonite clay (LGP-MMT) were applied to maize at concentrations of 8% and 12% and stored for a period of one month at 30 °C. Unmodified montmorillonite clay and LGP served as the negative controls alongside untreated maize. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the various treatments showed the major functional groups as Si-O and -OH. All treatment formulations were effective in the decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize. Accordingly, it was revealed that the inclusion of Na-MMT in maize at a concentration of 8% was most effective in decontaminating T-2 toxin by 66% in maize followed by LGP-MMT at 12% inclusion level recording a 56% decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Montmorillonite clay can be effectively modified with plant extracts for the decontamination of T-2 toxin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6622cb2b5e44521bc6f755ad8cdce54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:46:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6622cb2b5e44521bc6f755ad8cdce542022-12-22T04:21:02ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-10-01111161610.3390/toxins11110616toxins11110616Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite ClayBunmi K. Olopade0Solomon U. Oranusi1Obinna C. Nwinyi2Isiaka A. Lawal3Sefater Gbashi4Patrick B. Njobeh5Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112233, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112233, Ogun State, NigeriaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota 112233, Ogun State, NigeriaChemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng 2028, South AfricaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng 2028, South AfricaMontmorillonite clay has a wide range of applications, one of which includes the binding of mycotoxins in foods and feeds through adsorption. T-2 toxin, produced by some <i>Fusarium, Myrothecium,</i> and <i>Stachybotrys</i> species, causes dystrophy in the brain, heart, and kidney. Various formulations that include lemongrass essential oil-modified montmorillonite clay (LGEO-MMT), lemongrass powder (LGP), montmorillonite clay washed with 1 mM NaCl (Na-MMT), montmorillonite clay (MMT), and lemongrass powder mixed with montmorillonite clay (LGP-MMT) were applied to maize at concentrations of 8% and 12% and stored for a period of one month at 30 °C. Unmodified montmorillonite clay and LGP served as the negative controls alongside untreated maize. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the various treatments showed the major functional groups as Si-O and -OH. All treatment formulations were effective in the decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize. Accordingly, it was revealed that the inclusion of Na-MMT in maize at a concentration of 8% was most effective in decontaminating T-2 toxin by 66% in maize followed by LGP-MMT at 12% inclusion level recording a 56% decontamination of T-2 toxin in maize (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Montmorillonite clay can be effectively modified with plant extracts for the decontamination of T-2 toxin.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/11/616decontaminationadsorptiont-2 toxinmontmorillonite clay<i>cymbopogon citratus</i>maize |
| spellingShingle | Bunmi K. Olopade Solomon U. Oranusi Obinna C. Nwinyi Isiaka A. Lawal Sefater Gbashi Patrick B. Njobeh Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay Toxins decontamination adsorption t-2 toxin montmorillonite clay <i>cymbopogon citratus</i> maize |
| title | Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay |
| title_full | Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay |
| title_fullStr | Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay |
| title_short | Decontamination of T-2 Toxin in Maize by Modified Montmorillonite Clay |
| title_sort | decontamination of t 2 toxin in maize by modified montmorillonite clay |
| topic | decontamination adsorption t-2 toxin montmorillonite clay <i>cymbopogon citratus</i> maize |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/11/616 |
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