Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort
Abstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of intermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia progression in children. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children coul...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Adis, Springer Healthcare
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Ophthalmology and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00685-1 |
| _version_ | 1797832182864019456 |
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| author | Tianxi Li Xiaoxia Zuo Tong Zhang Lei Liu Zhongzheng Wang Lin Han Hu Liu Zijin Wang |
| author_facet | Tianxi Li Xiaoxia Zuo Tong Zhang Lei Liu Zhongzheng Wang Lin Han Hu Liu Zijin Wang |
| author_sort | Tianxi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of intermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia progression in children. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children could wear orthokeratology without experiencing aggravated lens decentration. Methods This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study. A total of 123 myopic participants aged 8–14 years were recruited, where conditions of deviation included intermittent exotropia, exophoria, and orthophoria. Uncorrected visual acuity and corneal topography data were obtained at baseline and after 1 month of wearing orthokeratology lens. Lens decentration was analyzed in a MATLAB program. Magnitude of deviation and refractive errors were evaluated prior to orthokeratology treatment. Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were established to evaluate the role of magnitude of deviation in lens decentration. Results There was no significant difference in magnitude and direction of lens decentration among three groups (magnitude: F = 1.25, P = 0.289; direction: Fisher = 9.91, P = 0.078). According to scale division of decentration, 1 (2.6%) intermittent exotropia subject, 2 (3.8%) exophoria subjects, and 1 (3.0%) orthophoria subject experienced severe decentration (Fisher = 1.10, P = 0.947). Inferotemporal decentration was most common among all subjects (intermittent exotropia 50.0%, exophoria 76.9%, orthophoria 72.7%). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that magnitude of deviation was not an independent risk factor for lens decentration [β = −0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.01–0.00, P = 0.180], while surface asymmetry index (SAI) (β = 0.21, 95% CI 0.02–0.40, P = 0.028) and surface regularity index (SRI) (β = −0.39, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.13, P = 0.004) had significant correlation with polar decentration. Conclusion Patients with intermittent exotropia and exophoria exhibit non-aggravated lens decentration after orthokeratology application. Thus, lens decentration is not the concern for orthokeratology prescription. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:04:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c676920d4b0542bb98c2227eb09aa9e9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2193-8245 2193-6528 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:04:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Adis, Springer Healthcare |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ophthalmology and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-c676920d4b0542bb98c2227eb09aa9e92023-05-07T11:07:49ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareOphthalmology and Therapy2193-82452193-65282023-03-011231535154510.1007/s40123-023-00685-1Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus CohortTianxi Li0Xiaoxia Zuo1Tong Zhang2Lei Liu3Zhongzheng Wang4Lin Han5Hu Liu6Zijin Wang7Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversitySchool of Medical Technology, Jiangsu College of NursingNanjing Orange Optometry ClinicNanjing Orange Optometry ClinicDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical UniversityAbstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of intermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia progression in children. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children could wear orthokeratology without experiencing aggravated lens decentration. Methods This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study. A total of 123 myopic participants aged 8–14 years were recruited, where conditions of deviation included intermittent exotropia, exophoria, and orthophoria. Uncorrected visual acuity and corneal topography data were obtained at baseline and after 1 month of wearing orthokeratology lens. Lens decentration was analyzed in a MATLAB program. Magnitude of deviation and refractive errors were evaluated prior to orthokeratology treatment. Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were established to evaluate the role of magnitude of deviation in lens decentration. Results There was no significant difference in magnitude and direction of lens decentration among three groups (magnitude: F = 1.25, P = 0.289; direction: Fisher = 9.91, P = 0.078). According to scale division of decentration, 1 (2.6%) intermittent exotropia subject, 2 (3.8%) exophoria subjects, and 1 (3.0%) orthophoria subject experienced severe decentration (Fisher = 1.10, P = 0.947). Inferotemporal decentration was most common among all subjects (intermittent exotropia 50.0%, exophoria 76.9%, orthophoria 72.7%). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that magnitude of deviation was not an independent risk factor for lens decentration [β = −0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.01–0.00, P = 0.180], while surface asymmetry index (SAI) (β = 0.21, 95% CI 0.02–0.40, P = 0.028) and surface regularity index (SRI) (β = −0.39, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.13, P = 0.004) had significant correlation with polar decentration. Conclusion Patients with intermittent exotropia and exophoria exhibit non-aggravated lens decentration after orthokeratology application. Thus, lens decentration is not the concern for orthokeratology prescription.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00685-1ExotropiaMyopiaOrthokeratologyLens decentrationChild healthVision |
| spellingShingle | Tianxi Li Xiaoxia Zuo Tong Zhang Lei Liu Zhongzheng Wang Lin Han Hu Liu Zijin Wang Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort Ophthalmology and Therapy Exotropia Myopia Orthokeratology Lens decentration Child health Vision |
| title | Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort |
| title_full | Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort |
| title_short | Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort |
| title_sort | patients with intermittent exotropia and exophoria exhibit non aggravated lens decentration after orthokeratology application the nanjing strabismus cohort |
| topic | Exotropia Myopia Orthokeratology Lens decentration Child health Vision |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-023-00685-1 |
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