Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact
The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss inc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1917 |
| _version_ | 1797396545799192576 |
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| author | Hiroki Nishikawa Hirayuki Enomoto Shuhei Nishiguchi Hiroko Iijima |
| author_facet | Hiroki Nishikawa Hirayuki Enomoto Shuhei Nishiguchi Hiroko Iijima |
| author_sort | Hiroki Nishikawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle–liver–adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c683b1d75d664c87a20bcebcd654f633 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c683b1d75d664c87a20bcebcd654f6332023-12-11T17:08:52ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01224191710.3390/ijms22041917Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical ImpactHiroki Nishikawa0Hirayuki Enomoto1Shuhei Nishiguchi2Hiroko Iijima3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Kano General Hospital, Osaka 531-0041, JapanDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, JapanThe picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle–liver–adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1917liver cirrhosissarcopenic obesitymechanismclinical impact |
| spellingShingle | Hiroki Nishikawa Hirayuki Enomoto Shuhei Nishiguchi Hiroko Iijima Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact International Journal of Molecular Sciences liver cirrhosis sarcopenic obesity mechanism clinical impact |
| title | Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact |
| title_full | Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact |
| title_fullStr | Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact |
| title_short | Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact |
| title_sort | sarcopenic obesity in liver cirrhosis possible mechanism and clinical impact |
| topic | liver cirrhosis sarcopenic obesity mechanism clinical impact |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1917 |
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