Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina
BackgroundEquine coronavirus (ECoV) leads to outbreaks with variable morbidity and mortality. Few previous reports of risk factors for infection are available in the literature.ObjectivesTo describe unique clinical findings and risk factors for infection and development of clinical disease.Animals13...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1060759/full |
| _version_ | 1811160769763475456 |
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| author | Kate L. Hepworth-Warren Sara J. Erwin Caroline B. Moore James R. Talbot Kimberly A. S. Young Michael J. Neault Jennifer C. Haugland Jennifer C. Haugland James B. Robertson Anthony T. Blikslager |
| author_facet | Kate L. Hepworth-Warren Sara J. Erwin Caroline B. Moore James R. Talbot Kimberly A. S. Young Michael J. Neault Jennifer C. Haugland Jennifer C. Haugland James B. Robertson Anthony T. Blikslager |
| author_sort | Kate L. Hepworth-Warren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundEquine coronavirus (ECoV) leads to outbreaks with variable morbidity and mortality. Few previous reports of risk factors for infection are available in the literature.ObjectivesTo describe unique clinical findings and risk factors for infection and development of clinical disease.Animals135 horses on a farm affected by ECoV outbreak.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Data obtained included age, breed, gender, activity level, housing, and feed at the onset of the outbreak. Factors were evaluated for assessment of risk of infection using simple logistic regression or Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results and findingsForty-three of 54 (79.6%) horses tested on the farm were positive on fecal PCR for ECoV, and 17 horses (12.6%) developed clinical signs consistent with ECoV. Out of 17 horses in which the presence or absence of signs of colic was noted, 6 of 17 (35.3%) showed signs of colic. Three of these horses had small colon impactions, 2 of which required surgical intervention. Significant risk factors for having positive PCR results included being primarily stalled (OR 167.1, 95% CI 26.4–1719), housing next to a positive horse (OR 7.5, 95% CI 3.1–19.0), being in work (OR 26.9, 95% CI 4.6–281.9), being fed rationed hay vs. ad libitum (OR 1,558, 95% CI 130.8–15,593), and being fed alfalfa hay (OR 1,558, 95% CI 130.8–15,593).Conclusions and clinical importanceThis report describes risk factors for ECoV infection many of which were associated with intensive management of show horses. Clinicians should be aware that clinical signs vary and can include severe colic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:03:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c689e7e3fe2045a59d77f13e71944dd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:03:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-c689e7e3fe2045a59d77f13e71944dd02023-03-03T06:04:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-03-011010.3389/fvets.2023.10607591060759Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North CarolinaKate L. Hepworth-Warren0Sara J. Erwin1Caroline B. Moore2James R. Talbot3Kimberly A. S. Young4Michael J. Neault5Jennifer C. Haugland6Jennifer C. Haugland7James B. Robertson8Anthony T. Blikslager9Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesCarolina Equine Hospital, Browns Summit, NC, United StatesCarolina Equine Hospital, Browns Summit, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesNorth Carolina Department of Agricultures and Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC, United StatesRollins Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC, United StatesNorth Carolina Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United StatesBackgroundEquine coronavirus (ECoV) leads to outbreaks with variable morbidity and mortality. Few previous reports of risk factors for infection are available in the literature.ObjectivesTo describe unique clinical findings and risk factors for infection and development of clinical disease.Animals135 horses on a farm affected by ECoV outbreak.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Data obtained included age, breed, gender, activity level, housing, and feed at the onset of the outbreak. Factors were evaluated for assessment of risk of infection using simple logistic regression or Fisher's exact test. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results and findingsForty-three of 54 (79.6%) horses tested on the farm were positive on fecal PCR for ECoV, and 17 horses (12.6%) developed clinical signs consistent with ECoV. Out of 17 horses in which the presence or absence of signs of colic was noted, 6 of 17 (35.3%) showed signs of colic. Three of these horses had small colon impactions, 2 of which required surgical intervention. Significant risk factors for having positive PCR results included being primarily stalled (OR 167.1, 95% CI 26.4–1719), housing next to a positive horse (OR 7.5, 95% CI 3.1–19.0), being in work (OR 26.9, 95% CI 4.6–281.9), being fed rationed hay vs. ad libitum (OR 1,558, 95% CI 130.8–15,593), and being fed alfalfa hay (OR 1,558, 95% CI 130.8–15,593).Conclusions and clinical importanceThis report describes risk factors for ECoV infection many of which were associated with intensive management of show horses. Clinicians should be aware that clinical signs vary and can include severe colic.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1060759/fullECoVcoronaviruscolicdiarrheasmall colon impaction |
| spellingShingle | Kate L. Hepworth-Warren Sara J. Erwin Caroline B. Moore James R. Talbot Kimberly A. S. Young Michael J. Neault Jennifer C. Haugland Jennifer C. Haugland James B. Robertson Anthony T. Blikslager Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina Frontiers in Veterinary Science ECoV coronavirus colic diarrhea small colon impaction |
| title | Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina |
| title_full | Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina |
| title_short | Risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in North Carolina |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with an outbreak of equine coronavirus at a large farm in north carolina |
| topic | ECoV coronavirus colic diarrhea small colon impaction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1060759/full |
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