Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies
Canopy characterization has become important when trying to optimize any kind of agricultural operation in high-growing crops, such as olive. Many sensors and techniques have reported satisfactory results in these approaches and in this work a 2D laser scanner was explored for measuring canopy trees...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4406 |
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| author | Rafael R. Sola-Guirado Sergio Bayano-Tejero Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana Jesús A. Gil-Ribes Antonio Miranda-Fuentes |
| author_facet | Rafael R. Sola-Guirado Sergio Bayano-Tejero Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana Jesús A. Gil-Ribes Antonio Miranda-Fuentes |
| author_sort | Rafael R. Sola-Guirado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canopy characterization has become important when trying to optimize any kind of agricultural operation in high-growing crops, such as olive. Many sensors and techniques have reported satisfactory results in these approaches and in this work a 2D laser scanner was explored for measuring canopy trees in real-time conditions. The sensor was tested in both laboratory and field conditions to check its accuracy, its cone width, and its ability to characterize olive canopies in situ. The sensor was mounted on a mast and tested in laboratory conditions to check: (i) its accuracy at different measurement distances; (ii) its measurement cone width with different reflectivity targets; and (iii) the influence of the target’s density on its accuracy. The field tests involved both isolated and hedgerow orchards, in which the measurements were taken manually and with the sensor. The canopy volume was estimated with a methodology consisting of revolving or extruding the canopy contour. The sensor showed high accuracy in the laboratory test, except for the measurements performed at 1.0 m distance, with 60 mm error (6%). Otherwise, error remained below 20 mm (1% relative error). The cone width depended on the target reflectivity. The accuracy decreased with the target density. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:06:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c68cad374c964762bc24817cb4860bba |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:06:49Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-c68cad374c964762bc24817cb4860bba2022-12-22T04:10:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-12-011812440610.3390/s18124406s18124406Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive CanopiesRafael R. Sola-Guirado0Sergio Bayano-Tejero1Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana2Jesús A. Gil-Ribes3Antonio Miranda-Fuentes4Rural Engineering Department, University of Cordoba. Ed. Leonardo da Vinci, Campus Rabanales, Ctra. Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainRural Engineering Department, University of Cordoba. Ed. Leonardo da Vinci, Campus Rabanales, Ctra. Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainAerospace Engineering and Fluid Mechanics Department, University of Seville, Ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, SpainRural Engineering Department, University of Cordoba. Ed. Leonardo da Vinci, Campus Rabanales, Ctra. Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainRural Engineering Department, University of Cordoba. Ed. Leonardo da Vinci, Campus Rabanales, Ctra. Nacional IV, km 396, 14014 Córdoba, SpainCanopy characterization has become important when trying to optimize any kind of agricultural operation in high-growing crops, such as olive. Many sensors and techniques have reported satisfactory results in these approaches and in this work a 2D laser scanner was explored for measuring canopy trees in real-time conditions. The sensor was tested in both laboratory and field conditions to check its accuracy, its cone width, and its ability to characterize olive canopies in situ. The sensor was mounted on a mast and tested in laboratory conditions to check: (i) its accuracy at different measurement distances; (ii) its measurement cone width with different reflectivity targets; and (iii) the influence of the target’s density on its accuracy. The field tests involved both isolated and hedgerow orchards, in which the measurements were taken manually and with the sensor. The canopy volume was estimated with a methodology consisting of revolving or extruding the canopy contour. The sensor showed high accuracy in the laboratory test, except for the measurements performed at 1.0 m distance, with 60 mm error (6%). Otherwise, error remained below 20 mm (1% relative error). The cone width depended on the target reflectivity. The accuracy decreased with the target density.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4406laser scanneraccuracy testhigh-growing cropscanopy characterizationolive orchardsagricultural work |
| spellingShingle | Rafael R. Sola-Guirado Sergio Bayano-Tejero Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana Jesús A. Gil-Ribes Antonio Miranda-Fuentes Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies Sensors laser scanner accuracy test high-growing crops canopy characterization olive orchards agricultural work |
| title | Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies |
| title_full | Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies |
| title_short | Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies |
| title_sort | assessment of the accuracy of a multi beam led scanner sensor for measuring olive canopies |
| topic | laser scanner accuracy test high-growing crops canopy characterization olive orchards agricultural work |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4406 |
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