The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences
The COVID-19 pandemic has put a tremendous stress on the medical community over the last two years. Managing the infection proved a lot more difficult after several research communities started to recognize the long-term effects of this disease. The cellular receptor for the virus was identified as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1906 |
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| author | Minela Aida Maranduca Daniela Maria Tanase Cristian Tudor Cozma Nicoleta Dima Andreea Clim Alin Constantin Pinzariu Dragomir Nicolae Serban Ionela Lacramioara Serban |
| author_facet | Minela Aida Maranduca Daniela Maria Tanase Cristian Tudor Cozma Nicoleta Dima Andreea Clim Alin Constantin Pinzariu Dragomir Nicolae Serban Ionela Lacramioara Serban |
| author_sort | Minela Aida Maranduca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic has put a tremendous stress on the medical community over the last two years. Managing the infection proved a lot more difficult after several research communities started to recognize the long-term effects of this disease. The cellular receptor for the virus was identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a molecule responsible for a wide array of processes, broadly variable amongst different organs. Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 is the product of Ang II, a decaying reaction catalysed by ACE2. The effects observed after altering the level of ACE2 are essentially related to the variation of Ang 1-7. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is comprised of two main branches, with ACE2 representing a crucial component of the protective part of the complex. The ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis is well represented in the testis, heart, brain, kidney, and intestine. Infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus determines downregulation of ACE2 and interrupts the equilibrium between ACE and ACE2 in these organs. In this review, we highlight the link between the local effects of RAAS and the consequences of COVID-19 infection as they arise from observational studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c68d6f6798384aa2b4d8ac8147bf70a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:49:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-c68d6f6798384aa2b4d8ac8147bf70a62023-11-23T18:22:46ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-09-01149190610.3390/pharmaceutics14091906The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 ConsequencesMinela Aida Maranduca0Daniela Maria Tanase1Cristian Tudor Cozma2Nicoleta Dima3Andreea Clim4Alin Constantin Pinzariu5Dragomir Nicolae Serban6Ionela Lacramioara Serban7Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaInternal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaInternal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, RomaniaThe COVID-19 pandemic has put a tremendous stress on the medical community over the last two years. Managing the infection proved a lot more difficult after several research communities started to recognize the long-term effects of this disease. The cellular receptor for the virus was identified as angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a molecule responsible for a wide array of processes, broadly variable amongst different organs. Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 is the product of Ang II, a decaying reaction catalysed by ACE2. The effects observed after altering the level of ACE2 are essentially related to the variation of Ang 1-7. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is comprised of two main branches, with ACE2 representing a crucial component of the protective part of the complex. The ACE2/Ang (1-7) axis is well represented in the testis, heart, brain, kidney, and intestine. Infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus determines downregulation of ACE2 and interrupts the equilibrium between ACE and ACE2 in these organs. In this review, we highlight the link between the local effects of RAAS and the consequences of COVID-19 infection as they arise from observational studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1906renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systemRAASangiotensin-converting enzyme-2ACE2angiotensin 1-7Ang (1-7) |
| spellingShingle | Minela Aida Maranduca Daniela Maria Tanase Cristian Tudor Cozma Nicoleta Dima Andreea Clim Alin Constantin Pinzariu Dragomir Nicolae Serban Ionela Lacramioara Serban The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences Pharmaceutics renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 ACE2 angiotensin 1-7 Ang (1-7) |
| title | The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences |
| title_full | The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences |
| title_short | The Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2/Angiotensin 1-7 Axis in Establishing Severe COVID-19 Consequences |
| title_sort | impact of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 angiotensin 1 7 axis in establishing severe covid 19 consequences |
| topic | renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 ACE2 angiotensin 1-7 Ang (1-7) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/9/1906 |
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