Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications
Braids are generally divided into 2D braids and 3D braids. Two-dimensional braids include flat braids and circular braids. Circular braids represent three-dimensional textiles, as they enclose a volume, but consist of a two-dimensional yarn architecture. Three-dimensional braids are defined by a thr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Textiles |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/1/2/9 |
| _version_ | 1797513090511667200 |
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| author | Caroline Emonts Niels Grigat Felix Merkord Ben Vollbrecht Akram Idrissi Johannes Sackmann Thomas Gries |
| author_facet | Caroline Emonts Niels Grigat Felix Merkord Ben Vollbrecht Akram Idrissi Johannes Sackmann Thomas Gries |
| author_sort | Caroline Emonts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Braids are generally divided into 2D braids and 3D braids. Two-dimensional braids include flat braids and circular braids. Circular braids represent three-dimensional textiles, as they enclose a volume, but consist of a two-dimensional yarn architecture. Three-dimensional braids are defined by a three-dimensional yarn architecture. Historically, 3D braids were produced on row and column braiding machines with Cartesian or radial machine beds, by bobbin movements around inlay yarns. Three-dimensional rotary braiding machines allow a more flexible braiding process, as the bobbins are moved via individually controlled horn gears and switches. Both braiding machines at the Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University, Germany, are based on the principal of 3D rotary machines. The fully digitized 3D braiding machine with an Industry 4.0 standard enables the near-net-shape production of three-dimensionally braided textile preforms for lightweight applications. The preforms can be specifically reinforced in all three spatial directions according to the application. Complex 3D structures can be produced in just one process step due to the high degree of design freedom. The 3D hexagonal braiding technology is used in the field of medical textiles. The special shape of the horn gears and their hexagonal arrangement provides the densest packing of the bobbins on the machine bed. In addition, the lace braiding mechanism allows two bobbins to occupy the position between two horn gears, maximizing the number of bobbins. One of the main applications is the near-net-shape production of tubular structures, such as complex stent structures. Three-dimensional braiding offers many advantages compared to 2D braiding, e.g., production of complex three-dimensional geometries in one process step, connection of braided layers, production of cross-section changes and ramifications, and local reinforcement of technical textiles without additional process steps. In the following review, the latest developments in 3D braiding, the machine development of 3D braiding machines, as well as software and simulation developments are presented. In addition, various applications in the fields of lightweight construction and medical textiles are introduced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:10:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c697ddd1871648ed84ee9f73ba6ed986 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-7248 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:10:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Textiles |
| spelling | doaj.art-c697ddd1871648ed84ee9f73ba6ed9862023-11-22T20:11:55ZengMDPI AGTextiles2673-72482021-07-011218520510.3390/textiles1020009Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its ApplicationsCaroline Emonts0Niels Grigat1Felix Merkord2Ben Vollbrecht3Akram Idrissi4Johannes Sackmann5Thomas Gries6Institut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitut für Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 1, 52074 Aachen, GermanyBraids are generally divided into 2D braids and 3D braids. Two-dimensional braids include flat braids and circular braids. Circular braids represent three-dimensional textiles, as they enclose a volume, but consist of a two-dimensional yarn architecture. Three-dimensional braids are defined by a three-dimensional yarn architecture. Historically, 3D braids were produced on row and column braiding machines with Cartesian or radial machine beds, by bobbin movements around inlay yarns. Three-dimensional rotary braiding machines allow a more flexible braiding process, as the bobbins are moved via individually controlled horn gears and switches. Both braiding machines at the Institut für Textiltechnik (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University, Germany, are based on the principal of 3D rotary machines. The fully digitized 3D braiding machine with an Industry 4.0 standard enables the near-net-shape production of three-dimensionally braided textile preforms for lightweight applications. The preforms can be specifically reinforced in all three spatial directions according to the application. Complex 3D structures can be produced in just one process step due to the high degree of design freedom. The 3D hexagonal braiding technology is used in the field of medical textiles. The special shape of the horn gears and their hexagonal arrangement provides the densest packing of the bobbins on the machine bed. In addition, the lace braiding mechanism allows two bobbins to occupy the position between two horn gears, maximizing the number of bobbins. One of the main applications is the near-net-shape production of tubular structures, such as complex stent structures. Three-dimensional braiding offers many advantages compared to 2D braiding, e.g., production of complex three-dimensional geometries in one process step, connection of braided layers, production of cross-section changes and ramifications, and local reinforcement of technical textiles without additional process steps. In the following review, the latest developments in 3D braiding, the machine development of 3D braiding machines, as well as software and simulation developments are presented. In addition, various applications in the fields of lightweight construction and medical textiles are introduced.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/1/2/93D braiding3D hexagonal braiding3D rotary braidingmedical textileslightweight materials |
| spellingShingle | Caroline Emonts Niels Grigat Felix Merkord Ben Vollbrecht Akram Idrissi Johannes Sackmann Thomas Gries Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications Textiles 3D braiding 3D hexagonal braiding 3D rotary braiding medical textiles lightweight materials |
| title | Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications |
| title_full | Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications |
| title_fullStr | Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications |
| title_short | Innovation in 3D Braiding Technology and Its Applications |
| title_sort | innovation in 3d braiding technology and its applications |
| topic | 3D braiding 3D hexagonal braiding 3D rotary braiding medical textiles lightweight materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7248/1/2/9 |
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