Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders
A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks h...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| author | Dorota Frydecka Patryk Piotrowski Tomasz Bielawski Edyta Pawlak Ewa Kłosińska Maja Krefft Kamila Al Noaimy Joanna Rymaszewska Ahmed A. Moustafa Jarosław Drapała Błażej Misiak |
| author_facet | Dorota Frydecka Patryk Piotrowski Tomasz Bielawski Edyta Pawlak Ewa Kłosińska Maja Krefft Kamila Al Noaimy Joanna Rymaszewska Ahmed A. Moustafa Jarosław Drapała Błażej Misiak |
| author_sort | Dorota Frydecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks hypothesized to probe the function and interaction of the PFC and BG in patients with SZ-spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control (HC) subjects. In the Instructed Probabilistic Selection task (IPST), participants received false instruction about one of the stimuli used in the course of probabilistic learning which creates confirmation bias, whereby the instructed stimulus is overvalued in comparison to its real experienced value. The IPST was administered to 102 patients with SZ and 120 HC subjects. We have shown that SZ patients and HC subjects were equally influenced by false instruction in reinforcement learning (RL) probabilistic task (IPST) (<i>p</i>-value = 0.441); however, HC subjects had significantly higher learning rates associated with the process of overcoming cognitive bias in comparison to SZ patients (<i>p</i>-value = 0.018). The behavioral results of our study could be hypothesized to provide further evidence for impairments in the SZ-BG circuitry; however, this should be verified by neurofunctional imaging studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:48:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c69b8d51c73b449da32cab6e405a246e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:48:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c69b8d51c73b449da32cab6e405a246e2023-11-23T13:09:58ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-01-011219010.3390/brainsci12010090Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum DisordersDorota Frydecka0Patryk Piotrowski1Tomasz Bielawski2Edyta Pawlak3Ewa Kłosińska4Maja Krefft5Kamila Al Noaimy6Joanna Rymaszewska7Ahmed A. Moustafa8Jarosław Drapała9Błażej Misiak10Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigel Street 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, PolandDay-Care Psychiatric Unit, University Clinical Hospital, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandSchool of Psychology, Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, AustraliaDepartment of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandA large body of research attributes learning deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) to the systems involved in value representation (prefrontal cortex, PFC) and reinforcement learning (basal ganglia, BG) as well as to the compromised connectivity of these regions. In this study, we employed learning tasks hypothesized to probe the function and interaction of the PFC and BG in patients with SZ-spectrum disorders in comparison to healthy control (HC) subjects. In the Instructed Probabilistic Selection task (IPST), participants received false instruction about one of the stimuli used in the course of probabilistic learning which creates confirmation bias, whereby the instructed stimulus is overvalued in comparison to its real experienced value. The IPST was administered to 102 patients with SZ and 120 HC subjects. We have shown that SZ patients and HC subjects were equally influenced by false instruction in reinforcement learning (RL) probabilistic task (IPST) (<i>p</i>-value = 0.441); however, HC subjects had significantly higher learning rates associated with the process of overcoming cognitive bias in comparison to SZ patients (<i>p</i>-value = 0.018). The behavioral results of our study could be hypothesized to provide further evidence for impairments in the SZ-BG circuitry; however, this should be verified by neurofunctional imaging studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/1/90schizophreniainstructed reinforcement learningconfirmation bias |
| spellingShingle | Dorota Frydecka Patryk Piotrowski Tomasz Bielawski Edyta Pawlak Ewa Kłosińska Maja Krefft Kamila Al Noaimy Joanna Rymaszewska Ahmed A. Moustafa Jarosław Drapała Błażej Misiak Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders Brain Sciences schizophrenia instructed reinforcement learning confirmation bias |
| title | Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders |
| title_full | Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders |
| title_short | Confirmation Bias in the Course of Instructed Reinforcement Learning in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders |
| title_sort | confirmation bias in the course of instructed reinforcement learning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders |
| topic | schizophrenia instructed reinforcement learning confirmation bias |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/1/90 |
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