Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females
Abstract Background Menopause represents a turning point where vascular damage begins to outweigh reparative processes, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise training reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal females via improvements in traditional risk factors and direct changes...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Physiological Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15441 |
| _version_ | 1828436904318599168 |
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| author | Gemma K. Lyall Gurpreet K. Birk Emma Harris Carrie Ferguson Kirsten Riches‐Suman Mark T. Kearney Karen E. Porter Karen M. Birch |
| author_facet | Gemma K. Lyall Gurpreet K. Birk Emma Harris Carrie Ferguson Kirsten Riches‐Suman Mark T. Kearney Karen E. Porter Karen M. Birch |
| author_sort | Gemma K. Lyall |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Menopause represents a turning point where vascular damage begins to outweigh reparative processes, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise training reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal females via improvements in traditional risk factors and direct changes to the vasculature. We assessed the effect of moderate (MODERATE‐IT) versus heavy (HEAVY‐IT) intensity interval exercise training upon markers of cardiovascular health and vascular repair in postmenopausal females. Methods Twenty‐seven healthy postmenopausal females (56 ± 4 yr) were assigned to 12 weeks of either MODERATE‐IT or HEAVY‐IT, twice per week. MODERATE‐IT consisted of 10s work, and 10s active recovery repeated for 30 min. HEAVY‐IT comprised 30s work, and 30s active recovery repeated for 21 ± 2 min. Endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), and V̇O2peak were assessed pre‐training and post‐training. Blood samples were obtained pre‐training and post‐training for enumeration of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), culture of CACs, and lipoprotein profile. Results V̇O2peak increased 2.4 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min following HEAVY‐IT only (p < 0.05). Brachial blood pressure and endothelial function were unchanged with exercise training (p > 0.05). Peripheral pulse wave velocity reduced 8% with exercise training, irrespective of intensity (p < 0.05). Exercise training had no effect on lipoprotein profile or endothelin‐1 (p > 0.05). CAC adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased 30 min post plating following MODERATE‐IT only (p < 0.05). Conclusions HEAVY‐IT was more effective at increasing V̇O2peak in postmenopausal females. The ability of CACs to adhere to VSMC improved following MODERATE‐IT but not HEAVY‐IT. Interval training had the same effect on endothelial function (no change) and arterial stiffness (reduced), regardless of exercise intensity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:35:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6a4f06f1d584b7c8c8a0cf352e8fb84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2051-817X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:35:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physiological Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6a4f06f1d584b7c8c8a0cf352e8fb842022-12-22T01:36:08ZengWileyPhysiological Reports2051-817X2022-08-011016n/an/a10.14814/phy2.15441Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal femalesGemma K. Lyall0Gurpreet K. Birk1Emma Harris2Carrie Ferguson3Kirsten Riches‐Suman4Mark T. Kearney5Karen E. Porter6Karen M. Birch7School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds Leeds UKIVS Ltd, Vascular Ultrasound, Royal Oldham Hospital Oldham UKSchool of Human and Health Sciences, Centre for Applied Research in Health University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UKInstitute of Respiratory Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor‐UCLA Medical Center Torrance California USASchool of Chemistry and Biosciences University of Bradford Bradford UKLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds Leeds UKLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds Leeds UKSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds Leeds UKAbstract Background Menopause represents a turning point where vascular damage begins to outweigh reparative processes, leading to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Exercise training reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal females via improvements in traditional risk factors and direct changes to the vasculature. We assessed the effect of moderate (MODERATE‐IT) versus heavy (HEAVY‐IT) intensity interval exercise training upon markers of cardiovascular health and vascular repair in postmenopausal females. Methods Twenty‐seven healthy postmenopausal females (56 ± 4 yr) were assigned to 12 weeks of either MODERATE‐IT or HEAVY‐IT, twice per week. MODERATE‐IT consisted of 10s work, and 10s active recovery repeated for 30 min. HEAVY‐IT comprised 30s work, and 30s active recovery repeated for 21 ± 2 min. Endothelial function (flow‐mediated dilation), arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity), and V̇O2peak were assessed pre‐training and post‐training. Blood samples were obtained pre‐training and post‐training for enumeration of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), culture of CACs, and lipoprotein profile. Results V̇O2peak increased 2.4 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min following HEAVY‐IT only (p < 0.05). Brachial blood pressure and endothelial function were unchanged with exercise training (p > 0.05). Peripheral pulse wave velocity reduced 8% with exercise training, irrespective of intensity (p < 0.05). Exercise training had no effect on lipoprotein profile or endothelin‐1 (p > 0.05). CAC adhesion to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) increased 30 min post plating following MODERATE‐IT only (p < 0.05). Conclusions HEAVY‐IT was more effective at increasing V̇O2peak in postmenopausal females. The ability of CACs to adhere to VSMC improved following MODERATE‐IT but not HEAVY‐IT. Interval training had the same effect on endothelial function (no change) and arterial stiffness (reduced), regardless of exercise intensity.https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15441circulating angiogenic cellsendothelial functioninterval exercisepostmenopausal femalesV̇O2peak |
| spellingShingle | Gemma K. Lyall Gurpreet K. Birk Emma Harris Carrie Ferguson Kirsten Riches‐Suman Mark T. Kearney Karen E. Porter Karen M. Birch Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females Physiological Reports circulating angiogenic cells endothelial function interval exercise postmenopausal females V̇O2peak |
| title | Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| title_full | Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| title_short | Efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| title_sort | efficacy of interval exercise training to improve vascular health in sedentary postmenopausal females |
| topic | circulating angiogenic cells endothelial function interval exercise postmenopausal females V̇O2peak |
| url | https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15441 |
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