4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance
Abstract In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape‐memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab‐made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro‐ and microstructural features of 3D p...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley-VCH
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200677 |
| _version_ | 1827865705930817536 |
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| author | Mohammad Aberoumand Kianoosh Soltanmohammadi Davood Rahmatabadi Elyas Soleyman Ismaeil Ghasemi Majid Baniassadi Karen Abrinia Mahdi Bodaghi Mostafa Baghani |
| author_facet | Mohammad Aberoumand Kianoosh Soltanmohammadi Davood Rahmatabadi Elyas Soleyman Ismaeil Ghasemi Majid Baniassadi Karen Abrinia Mahdi Bodaghi Mostafa Baghani |
| author_sort | Mohammad Aberoumand |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape‐memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab‐made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro‐ and microstructural features of 3D printed PVC are investigated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. A promising shape‐memory feature of PVC is hypothesized from the presence of small close imperfect thermodynamically stable crystallites as physical crosslinks, which are further reinforced by mesomorphs and possibly molecular entanglement. A detailed analysis of shape fixity and shape recovery performance of 3D printed PVC is carried out considering three programming scenarios of cold (Tg −45 °C), warm (Tg −15 °C), and hot (Tg +15 °C) and two load holding times of 0 s, and 600 s under three‐point bending and compression modes. Extensive insightful discussions are presented, and in conclusion, shape‐memory effects are promising,ranging from 83.24% to 100%. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state‐of‐the‐art shape‐memory materials library for 4D printing, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the 3D printing of shape‐memory PVC‐based structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:52:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6a71cc4fe3d4bf5a9d26f242d8fa9ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1438-7492 1439-2054 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Macromolecular Materials and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6a71cc4fe3d4bf5a9d26f242d8fa9ce2023-08-15T09:10:29ZengWiley-VCHMacromolecular Materials and Engineering1438-74921439-20542023-07-013087n/an/a10.1002/mame.2022006774D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory PerformanceMohammad Aberoumand0Kianoosh Soltanmohammadi1Davood Rahmatabadi2Elyas Soleyman3Ismaeil Ghasemi4Majid Baniassadi5Karen Abrinia6Mahdi Bodaghi7Mostafa Baghani8School of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranFaculty of Processing Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran 1497713115 IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranDepartment of Engineering School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG11 8NS UKSchool of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran 1417614411 IranAbstract In this research, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with excellent shape‐memory effects is 4D printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. An experimental procedure for successful 3D printing of lab‐made filament from PVC granules is introduced. Macro‐ and microstructural features of 3D printed PVC are investigated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) techniques. A promising shape‐memory feature of PVC is hypothesized from the presence of small close imperfect thermodynamically stable crystallites as physical crosslinks, which are further reinforced by mesomorphs and possibly molecular entanglement. A detailed analysis of shape fixity and shape recovery performance of 3D printed PVC is carried out considering three programming scenarios of cold (Tg −45 °C), warm (Tg −15 °C), and hot (Tg +15 °C) and two load holding times of 0 s, and 600 s under three‐point bending and compression modes. Extensive insightful discussions are presented, and in conclusion, shape‐memory effects are promising,ranging from 83.24% to 100%. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to fill a gap in the state‐of‐the‐art shape‐memory materials library for 4D printing, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the 3D printing of shape‐memory PVC‐based structures.https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.2022006774D printingfused deposition modelingpolyvinyl chlorideshape memory polymersshape recovery |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Aberoumand Kianoosh Soltanmohammadi Davood Rahmatabadi Elyas Soleyman Ismaeil Ghasemi Majid Baniassadi Karen Abrinia Mahdi Bodaghi Mostafa Baghani 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 4D printing fused deposition modeling polyvinyl chloride shape memory polymers shape recovery |
| title | 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance |
| title_full | 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance |
| title_fullStr | 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance |
| title_short | 4D Printing of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): A Detailed Analysis of Microstructure, Programming, and Shape Memory Performance |
| title_sort | 4d printing of polyvinyl chloride pvc a detailed analysis of microstructure programming and shape memory performance |
| topic | 4D printing fused deposition modeling polyvinyl chloride shape memory polymers shape recovery |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202200677 |
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