Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification
To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic,...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402300018X |
| _version_ | 1811173375167430656 |
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| author | Benuarda Toto Alice Refosco Jutta Dierkes Tanja Kögel |
| author_facet | Benuarda Toto Alice Refosco Jutta Dierkes Tanja Kögel |
| author_sort | Benuarda Toto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic, approximately <0.5 mm, extraction from organic and inorganic materials is fundamental prior to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Method validation, including recovery studies, are necessary throughout the analytical chain. In this study, we developed an optimized, efficient protocol with a duration of 72 h for the digestion of laboratory rat feed and feces. A combination of a mild acidic (H2O2 15%; HNO3 5%) and an alkaline treatment (10% KOH) dissolving the previous filter, followed by enzymatic digestion (Viscozyme®L) proved to be efficient for the extraction and identification of spiked polyamide (15–20 μm) and polyethylene (40–48 μm) from feed and feces samples from rats, showing high recovery rates. Extracted rat feces samples from an in vivo study in which Wistar rats were fed with feed containing microplastic were analyzed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry, quantifying recovered microplastic in rat feces in environmentally relevant concentrations. The presented three-step protocol provides a suitable, time and cost-effective method to extract microplastic from rat feed and feces. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:46:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6a89a2536d04e788577489ca5a0f482 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T17:46:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6a89a2536d04e788577489ca5a0f4822023-02-03T04:59:12ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-01-0191e12811Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantificationBenuarda Toto0Alice Refosco1Jutta Dierkes2Tanja Kögel3Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Nutrition, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005, Bergen, Norway; Corresponding author. Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway.To date, microplastic is ubiquitously encountered in the environment. Studies analyzing microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems, including animal feces and feed, are few. Microplastic quantification method validation and harmonization are not yet far developed. For the analysis of small microplastic, approximately <0.5 mm, extraction from organic and inorganic materials is fundamental prior to quantitative and qualitative analysis. Method validation, including recovery studies, are necessary throughout the analytical chain. In this study, we developed an optimized, efficient protocol with a duration of 72 h for the digestion of laboratory rat feed and feces. A combination of a mild acidic (H2O2 15%; HNO3 5%) and an alkaline treatment (10% KOH) dissolving the previous filter, followed by enzymatic digestion (Viscozyme®L) proved to be efficient for the extraction and identification of spiked polyamide (15–20 μm) and polyethylene (40–48 μm) from feed and feces samples from rats, showing high recovery rates. Extracted rat feces samples from an in vivo study in which Wistar rats were fed with feed containing microplastic were analyzed with pyrolysis-gas chromatography-Orbitrap™ mass spectrometry, quantifying recovered microplastic in rat feces in environmentally relevant concentrations. The presented three-step protocol provides a suitable, time and cost-effective method to extract microplastic from rat feed and feces.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402300018XMicroplasticExtractionPyrolysisRatQuantificationFeces |
| spellingShingle | Benuarda Toto Alice Refosco Jutta Dierkes Tanja Kögel Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification Heliyon Microplastic Extraction Pyrolysis Rat Quantification Feces |
| title | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| title_full | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| title_fullStr | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| title_short | Efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| title_sort | efficient extraction of small microplastic particles from rat feed and feces for quantification |
| topic | Microplastic Extraction Pyrolysis Rat Quantification Feces |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402300018X |
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