Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces
This study aimed to examine the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on phyllosphere microorganisms in silage maize (Zea mays) to enhance the production of high-quality silage. The effects of different N application rates (160, 240, and 320 kg ha−1) and maturity stages (flowering and dough stages) o...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/16386.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797608490830659584 |
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| author | Dan Wu Xueling Ma Yuanyan Meng Rongjin Cai Xiaolong Zhang Li Liu Lianping Deng Changjing Chen Fang Wang Qingbiao Xu Bin He Mingzhu He Rensheng Hu Jinjing Zhen Yan Han Shaoshen He Liuxing Xu |
| author_facet | Dan Wu Xueling Ma Yuanyan Meng Rongjin Cai Xiaolong Zhang Li Liu Lianping Deng Changjing Chen Fang Wang Qingbiao Xu Bin He Mingzhu He Rensheng Hu Jinjing Zhen Yan Han Shaoshen He Liuxing Xu |
| author_sort | Dan Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to examine the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on phyllosphere microorganisms in silage maize (Zea mays) to enhance the production of high-quality silage. The effects of different N application rates (160, 240, and 320 kg ha−1) and maturity stages (flowering and dough stages) on microbial diversity, abundance and physiochemical properties of the leaf surfaces were evaluated in a field experiment. The results showed that N application rates did not significantly impact the abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria (AB), yeasts, or molds on the leaf surfaces. However, these microbes were more abundant during the flowering stage compared to the dough stage. Furthermore, the N application rate had no significant impact on inorganic phosphorus, soluble sugar, free amino acids, total phenolic content, and soluble protein concentrations, or pH levels on the leaf surfaces. Notably, these chemical indices were lower during the dough stage. The abundance of Pantoea decreased with higher N application rates, while that of other microorganisms did not changes significantly. The abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds were positively correlated with soluble sugar, soluble protein, inorganic phosphorus, free amino acids, and total phenolic concentrations on leaf surfaces. Moreover, water loss was negatively correlated with the abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds, whereas water retention capacity and stomatal density were positively correlated with microbial abundance. We recommend applying an optimal N rate of 160 kg ha−1 to silage maize and harvesting at the flowering stage is recommended. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:45:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6c895ee424f44e899cad313fd32705f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:45:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6c895ee424f44e899cad313fd32705f2023-11-17T15:05:19ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-11-0111e1638610.7717/peerj.16386Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfacesDan WuXueling MaYuanyan MengRongjin CaiXiaolong ZhangLi LiuLianping DengChangjing ChenFang WangQingbiao XuBin HeMingzhu HeRensheng HuJinjing ZhenYan HanShaoshen HeLiuxing XuThis study aimed to examine the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on phyllosphere microorganisms in silage maize (Zea mays) to enhance the production of high-quality silage. The effects of different N application rates (160, 240, and 320 kg ha−1) and maturity stages (flowering and dough stages) on microbial diversity, abundance and physiochemical properties of the leaf surfaces were evaluated in a field experiment. The results showed that N application rates did not significantly impact the abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria (AB), yeasts, or molds on the leaf surfaces. However, these microbes were more abundant during the flowering stage compared to the dough stage. Furthermore, the N application rate had no significant impact on inorganic phosphorus, soluble sugar, free amino acids, total phenolic content, and soluble protein concentrations, or pH levels on the leaf surfaces. Notably, these chemical indices were lower during the dough stage. The abundance of Pantoea decreased with higher N application rates, while that of other microorganisms did not changes significantly. The abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds were positively correlated with soluble sugar, soluble protein, inorganic phosphorus, free amino acids, and total phenolic concentrations on leaf surfaces. Moreover, water loss was negatively correlated with the abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds, whereas water retention capacity and stomatal density were positively correlated with microbial abundance. We recommend applying an optimal N rate of 160 kg ha−1 to silage maize and harvesting at the flowering stage is recommended.https://peerj.com/articles/16386.pdfEpiphytesLeaf traitsNitrogen application ratePhyllosphere microorganism |
| spellingShingle | Dan Wu Xueling Ma Yuanyan Meng Rongjin Cai Xiaolong Zhang Li Liu Lianping Deng Changjing Chen Fang Wang Qingbiao Xu Bin He Mingzhu He Rensheng Hu Jinjing Zhen Yan Han Shaoshen He Liuxing Xu Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces PeerJ Epiphytes Leaf traits Nitrogen application rate Phyllosphere microorganism |
| title | Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| title_full | Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| title_fullStr | Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| title_short | Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| title_sort | impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces |
| topic | Epiphytes Leaf traits Nitrogen application rate Phyllosphere microorganism |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/16386.pdf |
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