Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the <i>in vitro</i> starch digestibility properties of oat flour. A wide range of PEF process intensity was investigated (electric field strength between 2.1 and 4.5 kV/cm and specific energy inputs...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10293 |
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| author | Sheba Mae M. Duque Sze Ying Leong Dominic Agyei Jaspreet Singh Nigel Larsen Kevin Sutton Indrawati Oey |
| author_facet | Sheba Mae M. Duque Sze Ying Leong Dominic Agyei Jaspreet Singh Nigel Larsen Kevin Sutton Indrawati Oey |
| author_sort | Sheba Mae M. Duque |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the <i>in vitro</i> starch digestibility properties of oat flour. A wide range of PEF process intensity was investigated (electric field strength between 2.1 and 4.5 kV/cm and specific energy inputs between 52 and 438 kJ/kg using 20 μs square wave bipolar pulse at 100 Hz). The results revealed that PEF applied at a high electric field strength and energy <216 kJ/kg was favourable in slowing down the rate of starch digestibility (by 48%) during <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal digestion. This is accompanied by a significant decrease (from 15% to 7–10%) in the proportion of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and a significant increase (from 77% to 84–85%) in resistant starch (RS) fraction. The application of PEF at energy level >421 kJ/kg at any field strength intensities raised the RDS (from 15% to 19–20%), but the rate of starch digestion was not affected (maintained at 3.3–3.7 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> vs. untreated at 3.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>). Further analysis of the structure, particle size, and thermal stability of PEF-treated oat flour through fractionation into three distinct flour segments revealed that PEF could cause major modifications in the particle size, damage and aggregation of starch granules, and destruction of the long- and short-range ordered structures of starch. Data gathered in this study indicate that PEF treatment can be a reliable strategy to modulate the <i>in vitro</i> starch digestibility of oat flour, either by reasonably slowing down the digestion rate or enabling a slightly higher amount of starch to be readily accessible by digestive enzymes without affecting the digestion rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:47:59Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:47:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6d07d13b25546569c47d2b55a078ceb2023-11-23T22:42:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-0112201029310.3390/app122010293Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat FlourSheba Mae M. Duque0Sze Ying Leong1Dominic Agyei2Jaspreet Singh3Nigel Larsen4Kevin Sutton5Indrawati Oey6Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandDepartment of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandDepartment of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandRiddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandDepartment of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New ZealandThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pulsed electric fields (PEF) on the <i>in vitro</i> starch digestibility properties of oat flour. A wide range of PEF process intensity was investigated (electric field strength between 2.1 and 4.5 kV/cm and specific energy inputs between 52 and 438 kJ/kg using 20 μs square wave bipolar pulse at 100 Hz). The results revealed that PEF applied at a high electric field strength and energy <216 kJ/kg was favourable in slowing down the rate of starch digestibility (by 48%) during <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal digestion. This is accompanied by a significant decrease (from 15% to 7–10%) in the proportion of rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and a significant increase (from 77% to 84–85%) in resistant starch (RS) fraction. The application of PEF at energy level >421 kJ/kg at any field strength intensities raised the RDS (from 15% to 19–20%), but the rate of starch digestion was not affected (maintained at 3.3–3.7 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> vs. untreated at 3.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>). Further analysis of the structure, particle size, and thermal stability of PEF-treated oat flour through fractionation into three distinct flour segments revealed that PEF could cause major modifications in the particle size, damage and aggregation of starch granules, and destruction of the long- and short-range ordered structures of starch. Data gathered in this study indicate that PEF treatment can be a reliable strategy to modulate the <i>in vitro</i> starch digestibility of oat flour, either by reasonably slowing down the digestion rate or enabling a slightly higher amount of starch to be readily accessible by digestive enzymes without affecting the digestion rate.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10293pulsed electric fieldsoatstarch digestibilitygastrointestinal digestionparticle sizestarch structure |
| spellingShingle | Sheba Mae M. Duque Sze Ying Leong Dominic Agyei Jaspreet Singh Nigel Larsen Kevin Sutton Indrawati Oey Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour Applied Sciences pulsed electric fields oat starch digestibility gastrointestinal digestion particle size starch structure |
| title | Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour |
| title_full | Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour |
| title_short | Understanding the Mechanism of How Pulsed Electric Fields Treatment Affects the Digestibility and Characteristics of Starch in Oat Flour |
| title_sort | understanding the mechanism of how pulsed electric fields treatment affects the digestibility and characteristics of starch in oat flour |
| topic | pulsed electric fields oat starch digestibility gastrointestinal digestion particle size starch structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/20/10293 |
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