The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery
Flow batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage in intermittent renewable energy technologies. While the iron–chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is a low‐cost flow battery, it has a lower storage capacity and a higher capacity decay rate than the all‐vanadium RFB. Herein, the effect of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300238 |
| _version_ | 1797270099746357248 |
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| author | Nico Mans Henning M. Krieg Derik J. van der Westhuizen |
| author_facet | Nico Mans Henning M. Krieg Derik J. van der Westhuizen |
| author_sort | Nico Mans |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flow batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage in intermittent renewable energy technologies. While the iron–chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is a low‐cost flow battery, it has a lower storage capacity and a higher capacity decay rate than the all‐vanadium RFB. Herein, the effect of electrolyte composition (active species and supporting electrolyte concentrations), Fe/Cr molar ratio, and supporting electrolyte type (HCl and H2SO4) on the performance (current efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), energy efficiency, discharge capacity, and capacity decay) of an ICRFB is investigated. The storage capacity of the optimum electrolyte (1.3 m FeCl2, 1.4 m CrCl3, 5.0 mm Bi2O3 in 1.0 m HCl) is 40% higher (from 17.5 to 24.4 Ah L−1), while the capacity decay rate is tenfold lower (from 3.0 to 0.3% h−1) than the performance of the previously used 1.0 m FeCl2, 1.0 m CrCl3 in 3.0 m HCl. At the optimum Fe and Cr concentrations and ratio in 0.5 m HCl, a near constant CE (92.3%), VE (78.7%), and EE (72.6%) are obtained over 50 cycles. The significantly higher capacity decay when using 1.0 m H2SO4 (1.6% h−1) compared to 1.0 m HCl (0.3% h−1) confirms that HCl is the more suitable supporting electrolyte. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:58:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6d52c4ba98046e19bec854c378df799 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2699-9412 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T01:58:53Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6d52c4ba98046e19bec854c378df7992024-03-07T15:36:01ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Energy & Sustainability Research2699-94122024-03-0153n/an/a10.1002/aesr.202300238The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow BatteryNico Mans0Henning M. Krieg1Derik J. van der Westhuizen2Hydrometallurgy Group Chemical Resource Beneficiation North‐West University Potchefstroom 2520 South AfricaHydrometallurgy Group Chemical Resource Beneficiation North‐West University Potchefstroom 2520 South AfricaHydrometallurgy Group Chemical Resource Beneficiation North‐West University Potchefstroom 2520 South AfricaFlow batteries are promising for large‐scale energy storage in intermittent renewable energy technologies. While the iron–chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) is a low‐cost flow battery, it has a lower storage capacity and a higher capacity decay rate than the all‐vanadium RFB. Herein, the effect of electrolyte composition (active species and supporting electrolyte concentrations), Fe/Cr molar ratio, and supporting electrolyte type (HCl and H2SO4) on the performance (current efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), energy efficiency, discharge capacity, and capacity decay) of an ICRFB is investigated. The storage capacity of the optimum electrolyte (1.3 m FeCl2, 1.4 m CrCl3, 5.0 mm Bi2O3 in 1.0 m HCl) is 40% higher (from 17.5 to 24.4 Ah L−1), while the capacity decay rate is tenfold lower (from 3.0 to 0.3% h−1) than the performance of the previously used 1.0 m FeCl2, 1.0 m CrCl3 in 3.0 m HCl. At the optimum Fe and Cr concentrations and ratio in 0.5 m HCl, a near constant CE (92.3%), VE (78.7%), and EE (72.6%) are obtained over 50 cycles. The significantly higher capacity decay when using 1.0 m H2SO4 (1.6% h−1) compared to 1.0 m HCl (0.3% h−1) confirms that HCl is the more suitable supporting electrolyte.https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300238capacity decayefficiencyelectrolyte compositionsiron–chromium redox flow batteriessingle cell performancestorage capacity |
| spellingShingle | Nico Mans Henning M. Krieg Derik J. van der Westhuizen The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research capacity decay efficiency electrolyte compositions iron–chromium redox flow batteries single cell performance storage capacity |
| title | The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery |
| title_full | The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery |
| title_short | The Effect of Electrolyte Composition on the Performance of a Single‐Cell Iron–Chromium Flow Battery |
| title_sort | effect of electrolyte composition on the performance of a single cell iron chromium flow battery |
| topic | capacity decay efficiency electrolyte compositions iron–chromium redox flow batteries single cell performance storage capacity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/aesr.202300238 |
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