Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey
Abstract Purpose Knowledge, positive attitude and good preventive practices are keys to successful myopia control, but information on these is lacking in Africa. This study determined the KAP on myopia in Ghana. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among adults (aged...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16587-7 |
| _version_ | 1797451225223921664 |
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| author | Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu Stephen Ocansey Antor O. Ndep Sylvester Kyeremeh Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo Bernadine N. Ekpenyong Kingsley E. Agho Edgar Ekure Khathutshelo Percy Mashige Kelechi C. Ogbuehi Tuwani Rasengane Nana Darkoah Nkansah Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo Centre for Eyecare & Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII) |
| author_facet | Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu Stephen Ocansey Antor O. Ndep Sylvester Kyeremeh Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo Bernadine N. Ekpenyong Kingsley E. Agho Edgar Ekure Khathutshelo Percy Mashige Kelechi C. Ogbuehi Tuwani Rasengane Nana Darkoah Nkansah Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo Centre for Eyecare & Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII) |
| author_sort | Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose Knowledge, positive attitude and good preventive practices are keys to successful myopia control, but information on these is lacking in Africa. This study determined the KAP on myopia in Ghana. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among adults (aged 18 years and older) living across 16 regions of Ghana between May and October 2021. Data on socio-demographic factors (sex, age, gender, level of education, working status, type of employment, monthly income, and region of residence), respondents’ awareness, and knowledge, attitude and preventive practices (KAP) about myopia were collected. Composite and mean scores were calculated from eleven knowledge (total score = 61), eight attitude (48), and nine preventive practice items (33). Differences in mean scores were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and standardized coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using multiple linear regression to determine the associations between the dependent (KAP) and demographic variables. Results Of the 1,919 participants, mean age was 37.4 ± 13.4 years, 42.3% were aged 18–30 years, 52.6% were men, 55.8% had completed tertiary education, and 49.2% had either heard about myopia, or accurately defined myopia as short sightedness. The mean KAP scores were 22.9 ± 23.7, 33.9 ± 5.4, and 22.3 ± 2.8, respectively and varied significantly with many of the demographic variables particularly with age group, region, marital status, and type of employment. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between region of residence and knowledge (β =—0.54, 95%CI:-0.87, -0.23, p < 0.001), attitude (β =—0.24, 95%CI:-0.35,-0.14, p < 0.001) and preventive practices (β = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12, p = 0.015). Preventive practices were also associated with type of employment (self-employed vs employee: β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.15, 4.91, p < 0.05). Knowledge scores were significantly higher in those who lived in the Greater Accra (39.5 ± 18.5) and Eastern regions (39.1 ± 17.5) and lower among those who lived in the Upper West region (6.4 ± 15.6). Government employees and those with tertiary education had significantly higher mean knowledge scores compared with non-government employees (β = 4.56, 95%CI 1.22, 7.89, p = 0.007), and those with primary/no education (β = 18.35, 95%CI: 14.42, 22.27, p < 0.001). Conclusion Ghanaian participants had adequate knowledge of myopia but showed poor attitude and low preventive practices, which varied significantly between regions and were modified by socio-demographic factors. Further research into how education can be used to stimulate Ghanaians’ engagement in preventive practices is needed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c6dbac36bc5440cb9d120541403887d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:51:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6dbac36bc5440cb9d120541403887d42023-11-26T14:28:37ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582023-09-0123111310.1186/s12889-023-16587-7Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional surveyUchechukwu L. Osuagwu0Stephen Ocansey1Antor O. Ndep2Sylvester Kyeremeh3Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo4Bernadine N. Ekpenyong5Kingsley E. Agho6Edgar Ekure7Khathutshelo Percy Mashige8Kelechi C. Ogbuehi9Tuwani Rasengane10Nana Darkoah Nkansah11Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo12Centre for Eyecare & Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII)Bathurst Rural Clinical School (BRCS), School of Medicine, Western Sydney UniversityDepartment of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape CoastHealth Education & Health Promotion Unit, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of CalabarDepartment of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST)Department of Optometry, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and IslandsEpidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of CalabarAfrican Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-NatalRoberts Eyecare AssociatesAfrican Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-NatalDepartment of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of OtagoDepartment of Optometry, University of the Free State and Universitas HospitalKoforidua Regional HospitalAfrican Vision Research Institute, Discipline of Optometry, University of KwaZulu-NatalAbstract Purpose Knowledge, positive attitude and good preventive practices are keys to successful myopia control, but information on these is lacking in Africa. This study determined the KAP on myopia in Ghana. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional survey conducted among adults (aged 18 years and older) living across 16 regions of Ghana between May and October 2021. Data on socio-demographic factors (sex, age, gender, level of education, working status, type of employment, monthly income, and region of residence), respondents’ awareness, and knowledge, attitude and preventive practices (KAP) about myopia were collected. Composite and mean scores were calculated from eleven knowledge (total score = 61), eight attitude (48), and nine preventive practice items (33). Differences in mean scores were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and standardized coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using multiple linear regression to determine the associations between the dependent (KAP) and demographic variables. Results Of the 1,919 participants, mean age was 37.4 ± 13.4 years, 42.3% were aged 18–30 years, 52.6% were men, 55.8% had completed tertiary education, and 49.2% had either heard about myopia, or accurately defined myopia as short sightedness. The mean KAP scores were 22.9 ± 23.7, 33.9 ± 5.4, and 22.3 ± 2.8, respectively and varied significantly with many of the demographic variables particularly with age group, region, marital status, and type of employment. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between region of residence and knowledge (β =—0.54, 95%CI:-0.87, -0.23, p < 0.001), attitude (β =—0.24, 95%CI:-0.35,-0.14, p < 0.001) and preventive practices (β = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12, p = 0.015). Preventive practices were also associated with type of employment (self-employed vs employee: β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.15, 4.91, p < 0.05). Knowledge scores were significantly higher in those who lived in the Greater Accra (39.5 ± 18.5) and Eastern regions (39.1 ± 17.5) and lower among those who lived in the Upper West region (6.4 ± 15.6). Government employees and those with tertiary education had significantly higher mean knowledge scores compared with non-government employees (β = 4.56, 95%CI 1.22, 7.89, p = 0.007), and those with primary/no education (β = 18.35, 95%CI: 14.42, 22.27, p < 0.001). Conclusion Ghanaian participants had adequate knowledge of myopia but showed poor attitude and low preventive practices, which varied significantly between regions and were modified by socio-demographic factors. Further research into how education can be used to stimulate Ghanaians’ engagement in preventive practices is needed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16587-7MyopiaKnowledgeAttitudePreventive practicesSub-Saharan AfricaGhana |
| spellingShingle | Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu Stephen Ocansey Antor O. Ndep Sylvester Kyeremeh Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo Bernadine N. Ekpenyong Kingsley E. Agho Edgar Ekure Khathutshelo Percy Mashige Kelechi C. Ogbuehi Tuwani Rasengane Nana Darkoah Nkansah Kovin Shunmugan Naidoo Centre for Eyecare & Public Health Intervention Initiative (CEPHII) Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey BMC Public Health Myopia Knowledge Attitude Preventive practices Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana |
| title | Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey |
| title_full | Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey |
| title_fullStr | Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey |
| title_short | Demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge, attitude and preventive practices among adults in Ghana: a population-based cross-sectional survey |
| title_sort | demographic factors associated with myopia knowledge attitude and preventive practices among adults in ghana a population based cross sectional survey |
| topic | Myopia Knowledge Attitude Preventive practices Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16587-7 |
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