Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence
<p>Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,</i> is one of the most devastating diseases of <i>Pinu</i>s spp. The PWN was therefore listed as one of the most dangerous forest pests in China meriting quarantine. Virule...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Ivyspring International Publisher
2013-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.biolsci.org/v09p0034.htm |
| _version_ | 1818236387426566144 |
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| author | Xiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Min Yuan, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, Xiao-Lei Ding |
| author_facet | Xiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Min Yuan, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, Xiao-Lei Ding |
| author_sort | Xiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Min Yuan, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, Xiao-Lei Ding |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,</i> is one of the most devastating diseases of <i>Pinu</i>s spp. The PWN was therefore listed as one of the most dangerous forest pests in China meriting quarantine. Virulence of the PWN is closely linked with the spread of PWD. However, main factors responsible for the virulence of PWNs are still unclear. Recently epiphytic bacteria carried by PWNs have drawn much attention. But little is known about the relationship between endophytic bacteria and virulence of <i>B. xylophilus</i>. In this research, virulence of ten strains of <i>B. xylophilus</i> from different geographical areas in six provinces of China and four pine species were tested with 2-year-old seedlings of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i>. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from PWNs with different virulence to investigate the relationship between the bacteria and PWN virulence. Meanwhile, the carbon metabolism of endophytic bacteria from highly and low virulent <i>B. xylophilus</i> was analyzed using Biolog plates (ECO). The results indicated that ten strains of PWNs showed a wide range of virulence. Simultaneously, endophytic bacteria were isolated from 90% of the <i>B. xylophilus</i> strains. The dominant endophytic bacteria in the nematodes were identified as species of <i>Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Ewingella, Leifsonia, Rhizobium, </i>and<i> Pseudomonas </i>using molecular and biochemical methods. Moreover, <i>S. maltophilia, </i>and <i>A. xylosoxidans</i> subsp<i>. xylosoxidans</i> were the predominant strains. Most of the strains (80%) from <i>P. massoniana </i>contained either <i>S. maltophilia, A. xylosoxidans, </i>or both species. There was a difference between the abilities of the endophytic bacteria to utilize carbon sources. Endophytic bacteria from highly virulent <i>B. xylophilus </i>had a relatively high utilization rate of carbohydrate and carboxylic acids, while bacteria from low virulent <i>B. xylophilus </i>made better use of amino acids. In conclusion, endophytic bacteria widely exist in <i>B. xylophilus</i> from different pines and areas; and <i>B. xylophilus</i> strains with different virulence possessed various endophytic bacteria and diverse carbon metabolism which suggested that the endophytic bacteria species and carbon metabolism might be related with the <i>B. xylophilus </i>virulence.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:09:03Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1449-2288 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:09:03Z |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c6fe84677aae4d358d564a21d2be7fe32022-12-22T00:24:56ZengIvyspring International PublisherInternational Journal of Biological Sciences1449-22882013-01-01913444Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different VirulenceXiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Min Yuan, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, Xiao-Lei Ding<p>Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,</i> is one of the most devastating diseases of <i>Pinu</i>s spp. The PWN was therefore listed as one of the most dangerous forest pests in China meriting quarantine. Virulence of the PWN is closely linked with the spread of PWD. However, main factors responsible for the virulence of PWNs are still unclear. Recently epiphytic bacteria carried by PWNs have drawn much attention. But little is known about the relationship between endophytic bacteria and virulence of <i>B. xylophilus</i>. In this research, virulence of ten strains of <i>B. xylophilus</i> from different geographical areas in six provinces of China and four pine species were tested with 2-year-old seedlings of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i>. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from PWNs with different virulence to investigate the relationship between the bacteria and PWN virulence. Meanwhile, the carbon metabolism of endophytic bacteria from highly and low virulent <i>B. xylophilus</i> was analyzed using Biolog plates (ECO). The results indicated that ten strains of PWNs showed a wide range of virulence. Simultaneously, endophytic bacteria were isolated from 90% of the <i>B. xylophilus</i> strains. The dominant endophytic bacteria in the nematodes were identified as species of <i>Stenotrophomonas, Achromobacter, Ewingella, Leifsonia, Rhizobium, </i>and<i> Pseudomonas </i>using molecular and biochemical methods. Moreover, <i>S. maltophilia, </i>and <i>A. xylosoxidans</i> subsp<i>. xylosoxidans</i> were the predominant strains. Most of the strains (80%) from <i>P. massoniana </i>contained either <i>S. maltophilia, A. xylosoxidans, </i>or both species. There was a difference between the abilities of the endophytic bacteria to utilize carbon sources. Endophytic bacteria from highly virulent <i>B. xylophilus </i>had a relatively high utilization rate of carbohydrate and carboxylic acids, while bacteria from low virulent <i>B. xylophilus </i>made better use of amino acids. In conclusion, endophytic bacteria widely exist in <i>B. xylophilus</i> from different pines and areas; and <i>B. xylophilus</i> strains with different virulence possessed various endophytic bacteria and diverse carbon metabolism which suggested that the endophytic bacteria species and carbon metabolism might be related with the <i>B. xylophilus </i>virulence.</p>http://www.biolsci.org/v09p0034.htm |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Qin Wu, Wei-Min Yuan, Xiao-Jing Tian, Ben Fan, Xin Fang, Jian-Ren Ye, Xiao-Lei Ding Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence International Journal of Biological Sciences |
| title | Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence |
| title_full | Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence |
| title_fullStr | Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence |
| title_short | Specific and Functional Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria from Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus with Different Virulence |
| title_sort | specific and functional diversity of endophytic bacteria from pine wood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus with different virulence |
| url | http://www.biolsci.org/v09p0034.htm |
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