Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment
This study investigated the potential of zeolites (NH<sub>4</sub>BETA, NH<sub>4</sub>ZSM-5, and NaY) to remove two frequently used dyes, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB), from an aqueous environment. The removal of dyes with zeolites was performed via two mechanisms:...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6582 |
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| author | Marina Rakanović Andrijana Vukojević Maria M. Savanović Stevan Armaković Svetlana Pelemiš Fatima Živić Slavica Sladojević Sanja J. Armaković |
| author_facet | Marina Rakanović Andrijana Vukojević Maria M. Savanović Stevan Armaković Svetlana Pelemiš Fatima Živić Slavica Sladojević Sanja J. Armaković |
| author_sort | Marina Rakanović |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the potential of zeolites (NH<sub>4</sub>BETA, NH<sub>4</sub>ZSM-5, and NaY) to remove two frequently used dyes, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB), from an aqueous environment. The removal of dyes with zeolites was performed via two mechanisms: adsorption and photocatalysis. Removal of dyes through adsorption was achieved by studying the Freundlich adsorption isotherms, while photocatalytic removal of dyes was performed under UV irradiation. In both cases, the removal experiments were conducted for 180 min at two temperatures (283 K and 293 K), and dye concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. Additionally, after photodegradation, mineralization was analyzed as chemical oxygen demand. A computational analysis of the structures of MB and RB was performed to gain a deeper understanding of the obtained results. The computational analysis encompassed density functional theory (DFT) calculations and analysis of two quantum-molecular descriptors addressing the local reactivity of molecules. Experimental results have indicated that the considered zeolites effectively remove both dyes through both mechanisms, especially NH<sub>4</sub>BETA and NH<sub>4</sub>ZSM-5, due to the presence of active acidic centers on the outer and inner surfaces of the zeolite. The lowest efficiency of dye removal was achieved in the presence of NaY zeolite, which has a lower SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio. A more efficient reduction was completed for RB dye, which agrees with the computationally obtained information about reactivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c701387536a347ed923a11a3fe3bea1a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:24:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c701387536a347ed923a11a3fe3bea1a2023-11-23T21:13:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-10-012719658210.3390/molecules27196582Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous EnvironmentMarina Rakanović0Andrijana Vukojević1Maria M. Savanović2Stevan Armaković3Svetlana Pelemiš4Fatima Živić5Slavica Sladojević6Sanja J. Armaković7Faculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Technology Zvornik, University of East Sarajevo, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and HerzegovinaUniversity of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, 34000 Kragujevac, SerbiaFaculty of Technology, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaThis study investigated the potential of zeolites (NH<sub>4</sub>BETA, NH<sub>4</sub>ZSM-5, and NaY) to remove two frequently used dyes, methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB), from an aqueous environment. The removal of dyes with zeolites was performed via two mechanisms: adsorption and photocatalysis. Removal of dyes through adsorption was achieved by studying the Freundlich adsorption isotherms, while photocatalytic removal of dyes was performed under UV irradiation. In both cases, the removal experiments were conducted for 180 min at two temperatures (283 K and 293 K), and dye concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. Additionally, after photodegradation, mineralization was analyzed as chemical oxygen demand. A computational analysis of the structures of MB and RB was performed to gain a deeper understanding of the obtained results. The computational analysis encompassed density functional theory (DFT) calculations and analysis of two quantum-molecular descriptors addressing the local reactivity of molecules. Experimental results have indicated that the considered zeolites effectively remove both dyes through both mechanisms, especially NH<sub>4</sub>BETA and NH<sub>4</sub>ZSM-5, due to the presence of active acidic centers on the outer and inner surfaces of the zeolite. The lowest efficiency of dye removal was achieved in the presence of NaY zeolite, which has a lower SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio. A more efficient reduction was completed for RB dye, which agrees with the computationally obtained information about reactivity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6582Methylene blueRhodamine BBETA zeoliteZSM-5 zeoliteNaY zeolitewater purification |
| spellingShingle | Marina Rakanović Andrijana Vukojević Maria M. Savanović Stevan Armaković Svetlana Pelemiš Fatima Živić Slavica Sladojević Sanja J. Armaković Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment Molecules Methylene blue Rhodamine B BETA zeolite ZSM-5 zeolite NaY zeolite water purification |
| title | Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment |
| title_full | Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment |
| title_fullStr | Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment |
| title_short | Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment |
| title_sort | zeolites as adsorbents and photocatalysts for removal of dyes from the aqueous environment |
| topic | Methylene blue Rhodamine B BETA zeolite ZSM-5 zeolite NaY zeolite water purification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/19/6582 |
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