Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure
Abstract Background Aluminum is the third most prevalent element in the earth’s crust. In most conditions, it is tightly bound to form inaccessible compounds, however in low soil pH, the ionized form of aluminum can be taken up by plant roots and distributed throughout the plant tissue. Following th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Zoology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00103-8 |
| _version_ | 1798026264182784000 |
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| author | A. M. Chicas-Mosier T. E. Black K. P. Hester L. P. Belzunces C. I. Abramson |
| author_facet | A. M. Chicas-Mosier T. E. Black K. P. Hester L. P. Belzunces C. I. Abramson |
| author_sort | A. M. Chicas-Mosier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aluminum is the third most prevalent element in the earth’s crust. In most conditions, it is tightly bound to form inaccessible compounds, however in low soil pH, the ionized form of aluminum can be taken up by plant roots and distributed throughout the plant tissue. Following this uptake, nectar and pollen concentrations in low soil pH regions can reach nearly 300 mg/kg. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been demonstrated following aluminum exposure in mammal and aquatic invertebrate species. In honey bees, behaviors consistent with AChE inhibition have been previously recorded; however, the physiological mechanism has not been tested, nor has aversive conditioning. Results This article presents results of ingested aqueous aluminum chloride exposure on AChE as well as acute exposure effects on aversive conditioning in an Apis mellifera ligustica hive. Contrary to previous findings, AChE activity significantly increased as compared to controls following exposure to 300 mg/L Al3+. In aversive conditioning studies, using an automated shuttlebox, there were time and dose-dependent effects on learning and reduced movement following 75 and 300 mg/L exposures. Conclusions These findings, in comparison to previous studies, suggest that aluminum toxicity in honey bees may depend on exposure period, subspecies, and study metrics. Further studies are encouraged at the moderate-high exposure concentrations as there may be multiple variables that affect toxicity which should be teased apart further. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:32:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c704a5063c6549aa82699857485206d2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2056-3132 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T18:32:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Zoology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c704a5063c6549aa82699857485206d22022-12-22T04:09:24ZengBMCBMC Zoology2056-31322022-01-017111210.1186/s40850-021-00103-8Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposureA. M. Chicas-Mosier0T. E. Black1K. P. Hester2L. P. Belzunces3C. I. Abramson4Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn UniversityDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Weber State UniversityDepartment of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State UniversityINRAE- Abeilles et EnvironnementDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State UniversityAbstract Background Aluminum is the third most prevalent element in the earth’s crust. In most conditions, it is tightly bound to form inaccessible compounds, however in low soil pH, the ionized form of aluminum can be taken up by plant roots and distributed throughout the plant tissue. Following this uptake, nectar and pollen concentrations in low soil pH regions can reach nearly 300 mg/kg. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been demonstrated following aluminum exposure in mammal and aquatic invertebrate species. In honey bees, behaviors consistent with AChE inhibition have been previously recorded; however, the physiological mechanism has not been tested, nor has aversive conditioning. Results This article presents results of ingested aqueous aluminum chloride exposure on AChE as well as acute exposure effects on aversive conditioning in an Apis mellifera ligustica hive. Contrary to previous findings, AChE activity significantly increased as compared to controls following exposure to 300 mg/L Al3+. In aversive conditioning studies, using an automated shuttlebox, there were time and dose-dependent effects on learning and reduced movement following 75 and 300 mg/L exposures. Conclusions These findings, in comparison to previous studies, suggest that aluminum toxicity in honey bees may depend on exposure period, subspecies, and study metrics. Further studies are encouraged at the moderate-high exposure concentrations as there may be multiple variables that affect toxicity which should be teased apart further.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00103-8Aversive conditioningHoney beeAluminum trichlorideAcetylcholinesterase |
| spellingShingle | A. M. Chicas-Mosier T. E. Black K. P. Hester L. P. Belzunces C. I. Abramson Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure BMC Zoology Aversive conditioning Honey bee Aluminum trichloride Acetylcholinesterase |
| title | Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| title_full | Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| title_fullStr | Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| title_short | Honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| title_sort | honey bee apis mellifera ligustica acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and aversive conditioning following aluminum trichloride exposure |
| topic | Aversive conditioning Honey bee Aluminum trichloride Acetylcholinesterase |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40850-021-00103-8 |
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