Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions
In plants, aldoximes per se act as defense compounds and are precursors of complex defense compounds such as cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Bacteria rarely produce aldoximes, but some are able to transform them by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd), followed by nitrilase (NLase) or nitrile hydrat...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/549 |
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| author | Robert Rädisch Miroslav Pátek Barbora Křístková Margit Winkler Vladimír Křen Ludmila Martínková |
| author_facet | Robert Rädisch Miroslav Pátek Barbora Křístková Margit Winkler Vladimír Křen Ludmila Martínková |
| author_sort | Robert Rädisch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In plants, aldoximes per se act as defense compounds and are precursors of complex defense compounds such as cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Bacteria rarely produce aldoximes, but some are able to transform them by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd), followed by nitrilase (NLase) or nitrile hydratase (NHase) catalyzed transformations. Oxds are often encoded together with NLases or NHases in a single operon, forming the aldoxime–nitrile pathway. Previous reviews have largely focused on the use of Oxds and NLases or NHases in organic synthesis. In contrast, the focus of this review is on the contribution of these enzymes to plant-bacteria interactions. Therefore, we summarize the substrate specificities of the enzymes for plant compounds. We also analyze the taxonomic and ecological distribution of the enzymes. In addition, we discuss their importance in selected plant symbionts. The data show that Oxds, NLases, and NHases are abundant in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The enzymes seem to be important for breaking through plant defenses and utilizing oximes or nitriles as nutrients. They may also contribute, e.g., to the synthesis of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. We conclude that the bacterial and plant metabolism of aldoximes and nitriles may interfere in several ways. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to better understand this underexplored aspect of plant-bacteria interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:15:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c71dc79abdc343c193a0054a67e871bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:15:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c71dc79abdc343c193a0054a67e871bc2023-11-30T21:35:54ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072022-03-0110354910.3390/microorganisms10030549Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria InteractionsRobert Rädisch0Miroslav Pátek1Barbora Křístková2Margit Winkler3Vladimír Křen4Ludmila Martínková5Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, A-8010 Graz, AustriaInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech RepublicIn plants, aldoximes per se act as defense compounds and are precursors of complex defense compounds such as cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates. Bacteria rarely produce aldoximes, but some are able to transform them by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd), followed by nitrilase (NLase) or nitrile hydratase (NHase) catalyzed transformations. Oxds are often encoded together with NLases or NHases in a single operon, forming the aldoxime–nitrile pathway. Previous reviews have largely focused on the use of Oxds and NLases or NHases in organic synthesis. In contrast, the focus of this review is on the contribution of these enzymes to plant-bacteria interactions. Therefore, we summarize the substrate specificities of the enzymes for plant compounds. We also analyze the taxonomic and ecological distribution of the enzymes. In addition, we discuss their importance in selected plant symbionts. The data show that Oxds, NLases, and NHases are abundant in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The enzymes seem to be important for breaking through plant defenses and utilizing oximes or nitriles as nutrients. They may also contribute, e.g., to the synthesis of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. We conclude that the bacterial and plant metabolism of aldoximes and nitriles may interfere in several ways. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to better understand this underexplored aspect of plant-bacteria interactions.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/549plant aldoximealdoxime-nitrile pathwayplant defensephytohormoneindole-3-acetic acidaldoxime dehydratase |
| spellingShingle | Robert Rädisch Miroslav Pátek Barbora Křístková Margit Winkler Vladimír Křen Ludmila Martínková Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions Microorganisms plant aldoxime aldoxime-nitrile pathway plant defense phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid aldoxime dehydratase |
| title | Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions |
| title_full | Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions |
| title_fullStr | Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions |
| title_short | Metabolism of Aldoximes and Nitriles in Plant-Associated Bacteria and Its Potential in Plant-Bacteria Interactions |
| title_sort | metabolism of aldoximes and nitriles in plant associated bacteria and its potential in plant bacteria interactions |
| topic | plant aldoxime aldoxime-nitrile pathway plant defense phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid aldoxime dehydratase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/3/549 |
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