Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era
A well-designed and properly operated building automation and control system (BACS) is key to attaining energy-efficient operation and optimal indoor conditions. In this study, three healthcare facilities of a different type, age, and use are considered as case studies to investigate the functionali...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/427 |
| _version_ | 1797499527419133952 |
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| author | Jeanette Maria Pedersen Farah Jebaei Muhyiddine Jradi |
| author_facet | Jeanette Maria Pedersen Farah Jebaei Muhyiddine Jradi |
| author_sort | Jeanette Maria Pedersen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A well-designed and properly operated building automation and control system (BACS) is key to attaining energy-efficient operation and optimal indoor conditions. In this study, three healthcare facilities of a different type, age, and use are considered as case studies to investigate the functionalities of BACS in providing optimal air quality and thermal comfort. IBACSA, the first-of-its-kind instrument for BACS assessment and smartness evaluation, is used to evaluate the current systems and their control functionalities. The BACS assessment is reported and analyzed. Then, three packages of improvements were implemented in the three cases, focusing on (1) technical systems enhancement, (2) indoor air quality and comfort, and (3) energy efficiency. It was found that the ventilation system domain is the best performer in the three considered cases with an overall score of 52%, 89% and 91% in Case A, B, and C, respectively. On the other hand, domestic hot water domain scores are relatively low, indicating that this is an area where Danish healthcare facilities need to provide more concentration on. A key finding indicated by the assessment performed is that the three buildings score relatively very low when it comes to the impact criteria of energy flexibility and storage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c72010786be0435e82a49d9fe086d44f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:48:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c72010786be0435e82a49d9fe086d44f2023-11-23T11:12:51ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-01-0112142710.3390/app12010427Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 EraJeanette Maria Pedersen0Farah Jebaei1Muhyiddine Jradi2Center for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, DenmarkMedical Laboratory Technologist, 5220 Odense, DenmarkCenter for Energy Informatics, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, DenmarkA well-designed and properly operated building automation and control system (BACS) is key to attaining energy-efficient operation and optimal indoor conditions. In this study, three healthcare facilities of a different type, age, and use are considered as case studies to investigate the functionalities of BACS in providing optimal air quality and thermal comfort. IBACSA, the first-of-its-kind instrument for BACS assessment and smartness evaluation, is used to evaluate the current systems and their control functionalities. The BACS assessment is reported and analyzed. Then, three packages of improvements were implemented in the three cases, focusing on (1) technical systems enhancement, (2) indoor air quality and comfort, and (3) energy efficiency. It was found that the ventilation system domain is the best performer in the three considered cases with an overall score of 52%, 89% and 91% in Case A, B, and C, respectively. On the other hand, domestic hot water domain scores are relatively low, indicating that this is an area where Danish healthcare facilities need to provide more concentration on. A key finding indicated by the assessment performed is that the three buildings score relatively very low when it comes to the impact criteria of energy flexibility and storage.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/427smart buildingsbuilding automation and control systemBACS auditingEN15232 standardinitial commissioningtechnical domains |
| spellingShingle | Jeanette Maria Pedersen Farah Jebaei Muhyiddine Jradi Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era Applied Sciences smart buildings building automation and control system BACS auditing EN15232 standard initial commissioning technical domains |
| title | Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era |
| title_full | Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era |
| title_short | Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era |
| title_sort | assessment of building automation and control systems in danish healthcare facilities in the covid 19 era |
| topic | smart buildings building automation and control system BACS auditing EN15232 standard initial commissioning technical domains |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/1/427 |
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