Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix
Tooth enamel is the outer covering of tooth crowns, the hardest material in the mammalian body, yet fracture resistant. The extremely high content of 95 wt% calcium phosphate in healthy adult teeth is achieved through mineralization of a proteinaceous matrix that changes in abundance and composition...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4458 |
| _version_ | 1797564392901967872 |
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| author | Ana Gil-Bona Felicitas B. Bidlack |
| author_facet | Ana Gil-Bona Felicitas B. Bidlack |
| author_sort | Ana Gil-Bona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tooth enamel is the outer covering of tooth crowns, the hardest material in the mammalian body, yet fracture resistant. The extremely high content of 95 wt% calcium phosphate in healthy adult teeth is achieved through mineralization of a proteinaceous matrix that changes in abundance and composition. Enamel-specific proteins and proteases are known to be critical for proper enamel formation. Recent proteomics analyses revealed many other proteins with their roles in enamel formation yet to be unraveled. Although the exact protein composition of healthy tooth enamel is still unknown, it is apparent that compromised enamel deviates in amount and composition of its organic material. Why these differences affect both the mineralization process before tooth eruption and the properties of erupted teeth will become apparent as proteomics protocols are adjusted to the variability between species, tooth size, sample size and ephemeral organic content of forming teeth. This review summarizes the current knowledge and published proteomics data of healthy and diseased tooth enamel, including advancements in forensic applications and disease models in animals. A summary and discussion of the status quo highlights how recent proteomics findings advance our understating of the complexity and temporal changes of extracellular matrix composition during tooth enamel formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:57:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c7385ccde1c44487ac57da691f965b14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:57:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c7385ccde1c44487ac57da691f965b142023-11-20T04:41:52ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-06-012112445810.3390/ijms21124458Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein MatrixAna Gil-Bona0Felicitas B. Bidlack1The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USAThe Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USATooth enamel is the outer covering of tooth crowns, the hardest material in the mammalian body, yet fracture resistant. The extremely high content of 95 wt% calcium phosphate in healthy adult teeth is achieved through mineralization of a proteinaceous matrix that changes in abundance and composition. Enamel-specific proteins and proteases are known to be critical for proper enamel formation. Recent proteomics analyses revealed many other proteins with their roles in enamel formation yet to be unraveled. Although the exact protein composition of healthy tooth enamel is still unknown, it is apparent that compromised enamel deviates in amount and composition of its organic material. Why these differences affect both the mineralization process before tooth eruption and the properties of erupted teeth will become apparent as proteomics protocols are adjusted to the variability between species, tooth size, sample size and ephemeral organic content of forming teeth. This review summarizes the current knowledge and published proteomics data of healthy and diseased tooth enamel, including advancements in forensic applications and disease models in animals. A summary and discussion of the status quo highlights how recent proteomics findings advance our understating of the complexity and temporal changes of extracellular matrix composition during tooth enamel formation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4458tooth enamelenamel proteomeamelogeninamelogenin-Y (AMELY)enamel peptidemolar hypomineralization |
| spellingShingle | Ana Gil-Bona Felicitas B. Bidlack Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix International Journal of Molecular Sciences tooth enamel enamel proteome amelogenin amelogenin-Y (AMELY) enamel peptide molar hypomineralization |
| title | Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix |
| title_full | Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix |
| title_fullStr | Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix |
| title_short | Tooth Enamel and Its Dynamic Protein Matrix |
| title_sort | tooth enamel and its dynamic protein matrix |
| topic | tooth enamel enamel proteome amelogenin amelogenin-Y (AMELY) enamel peptide molar hypomineralization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/12/4458 |
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