Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study
Genetic polymorphisms affect lipid profiles and are associated with disease complications. Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>VDR</i> genotypes on the lipid profile an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/9/1488 |
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| author | Hussam Alhawari Yazun Jarrar Dina Abulebdah Sara J. Abaalkhail Marah Alkhalili Sura Alkhalili Hussein Alhawari Munther Momani Mohammed N. Obeidat Rand K. Fram Mohammad A. Salahat Su-Jun Lee |
| author_facet | Hussam Alhawari Yazun Jarrar Dina Abulebdah Sara J. Abaalkhail Marah Alkhalili Sura Alkhalili Hussein Alhawari Munther Momani Mohammed N. Obeidat Rand K. Fram Mohammad A. Salahat Su-Jun Lee |
| author_sort | Hussam Alhawari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genetic polymorphisms affect lipid profiles and are associated with disease complications. Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>VDR</i> genotypes on the lipid profile and disease complications of T2DM patients in a Jordanian population. Ninety T2DM patients were genotyped for four major functional <i>VDR</i> genetic variants, rs2228570 C > T (<i>FokI</i>), rs7975232 A > C (<i>ApaI</i>), rs731236 T > C (<i>TaqI</i>), and rs1544410 C > T (<i>BsmI</i>), using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Lipid profiles and diabetes complications were analyzed and correlated with VDR genotypes. We found that the <i>VDR</i> rs7975232 and rs1544410 alleles were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.008–0.04) associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and retinopathy among patients. Carriers of the rs7975232 <i>A/A</i> genotype exhibited higher levels (49.68 ± 15.86 mg/dL) of HDL than patients with the <i>A/C</i> (44.73 ± 13.38 mg/dL) and <i>C/C</i> (37.93 ± 9.22 mg/dL) genotypes. Moreover, carriers of the rs1544410 <i>T/T</i> genotype had higher levels of HDL (54.31 ± 16.45 mg/dL) than patients with the <i>C/T</i> (43.57 ± 13.24 mg/dL) and <i>C/C</i> (43.98 ± 13.17 mg/dL) genotypes. T2DM patients who carry the rs7975232 <i>C/C</i> genotype were at higher risk (odds ratio [OR] = 7.88) of developing retinopathy compared with carriers of the rs7975232 <i>C/A</i> and <i>A/A</i> genotypes. In addition, T2DM patients with the rs1544410 <i>C/C</i> genotype had a higher risk (OR = 4.21) of developing retinopathy than patients with the rs1544410 <i>C/T</i> and <i>T/T</i> genotypes. Therefore, we concluded that the <i>VDR</i> rs7975232 and <i>rs1544410</i> alleles were associated with HDL levels and retinopathy and can be considered as potential genetic biomarkers for the lipid profile and retinopathy complication among T2DM patients in a Jordanian population of Arabic origin. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:28:39Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:28:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-c74ea65867cd48e68b60f4afecb9a0e42023-11-23T17:14:01ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262022-09-01129148810.3390/jpm12091488Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot StudyHussam Alhawari0Yazun Jarrar1Dina Abulebdah2Sara J. Abaalkhail3Marah Alkhalili4Sura Alkhalili5Hussein Alhawari6Munther Momani7Mohammed N. Obeidat8Rand K. Fram9Mohammad A. Salahat10Su-Jun Lee11Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of General Surgery, The University of Jordan Hospital, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, JordanDepartment of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 50834, KoreaGenetic polymorphisms affect lipid profiles and are associated with disease complications. Genetic variants in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we investigated the effects of <i>VDR</i> genotypes on the lipid profile and disease complications of T2DM patients in a Jordanian population. Ninety T2DM patients were genotyped for four major functional <i>VDR</i> genetic variants, rs2228570 C > T (<i>FokI</i>), rs7975232 A > C (<i>ApaI</i>), rs731236 T > C (<i>TaqI</i>), and rs1544410 C > T (<i>BsmI</i>), using the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Lipid profiles and diabetes complications were analyzed and correlated with VDR genotypes. We found that the <i>VDR</i> rs7975232 and rs1544410 alleles were significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.008–0.04) associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and retinopathy among patients. Carriers of the rs7975232 <i>A/A</i> genotype exhibited higher levels (49.68 ± 15.86 mg/dL) of HDL than patients with the <i>A/C</i> (44.73 ± 13.38 mg/dL) and <i>C/C</i> (37.93 ± 9.22 mg/dL) genotypes. Moreover, carriers of the rs1544410 <i>T/T</i> genotype had higher levels of HDL (54.31 ± 16.45 mg/dL) than patients with the <i>C/T</i> (43.57 ± 13.24 mg/dL) and <i>C/C</i> (43.98 ± 13.17 mg/dL) genotypes. T2DM patients who carry the rs7975232 <i>C/C</i> genotype were at higher risk (odds ratio [OR] = 7.88) of developing retinopathy compared with carriers of the rs7975232 <i>C/A</i> and <i>A/A</i> genotypes. In addition, T2DM patients with the rs1544410 <i>C/C</i> genotype had a higher risk (OR = 4.21) of developing retinopathy than patients with the rs1544410 <i>C/T</i> and <i>T/T</i> genotypes. Therefore, we concluded that the <i>VDR</i> rs7975232 and <i>rs1544410</i> alleles were associated with HDL levels and retinopathy and can be considered as potential genetic biomarkers for the lipid profile and retinopathy complication among T2DM patients in a Jordanian population of Arabic origin. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/9/1488diabetesHDLJordaniansretinopathy<i>VDR</i> gene |
| spellingShingle | Hussam Alhawari Yazun Jarrar Dina Abulebdah Sara J. Abaalkhail Marah Alkhalili Sura Alkhalili Hussein Alhawari Munther Momani Mohammed N. Obeidat Rand K. Fram Mohammad A. Salahat Su-Jun Lee Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study Journal of Personalized Medicine diabetes HDL Jordanians retinopathy <i>VDR</i> gene |
| title | Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Effects of Vitamin D Receptor Genotype on Lipid Profiles and Retinopathy Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | effects of vitamin d receptor genotype on lipid profiles and retinopathy risk in type 2 diabetes patients a pilot study |
| topic | diabetes HDL Jordanians retinopathy <i>VDR</i> gene |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/9/1488 |
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