A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls
OBJECTIVE: To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS: A population-based prospective surveillance design was used. Study sites where typhoid was considered a problem by local authorities were established in China, India, In...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The World Health Organization
2008-04-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862008000400010&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1827332658755010560 |
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| author | R Leon Ochiai Camilo J Acosta M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday Dong Baiqing Sujit K Bhattacharya Magdarina D Agtini Zulfiqar A Bhutta Do Gia Canh Mohammad Ali Seonghye Shin John Wain Anne-Laure Page M John Albert Jeremy Farrar Remon Abu-Elyazeed Tikki Pang Claudia M Galindo Lorenz von Seidlein John D Clemens |
| author_facet | R Leon Ochiai Camilo J Acosta M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday Dong Baiqing Sujit K Bhattacharya Magdarina D Agtini Zulfiqar A Bhutta Do Gia Canh Mohammad Ali Seonghye Shin John Wain Anne-Laure Page M John Albert Jeremy Farrar Remon Abu-Elyazeed Tikki Pang Claudia M Galindo Lorenz von Seidlein John D Clemens |
| author_sort | R Leon Ochiai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS: A population-based prospective surveillance design was used. Study sites where typhoid was considered a problem by local authorities were established in China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Viet Nam. Standardized clinical, laboratory, and surveillance methods were used to investigate cases of fever of > 3 days' duration for a one-year period. A total of 441 435 persons were under surveillance, 159 856 of whom were aged 5-15 years. FINDINGS: A total of 21 874 episodes of fever were detected. Salmonella typhi was isolated from 475 (2%) blood cultures, 57% (273/475) of which were from 5-15 year-olds. The annual typhoid incidence (per 100 000 person years) among this age group varied from 24.2 and 29.3 in sites in Viet Nam and China, respectively, to 180.3 in the site in Indonesia; and to 412.9 and 493.5 in sites in Pakistan and India, respectively. Altogether, 23% (96/413) of isolates were multidrug resistant (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). CONCLUSION: The incidence of typhoid varied substantially between sites, being high in India and Pakistan, intermediate in Indonesia, and low in China and Viet Nam. These findings highlight the considerable, but geographically heterogeneous, burden of typhoid fever in endemic areas of Asia, and underscore the importance of evidence on disease burden in making policy decisions about interventions to control this disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:05:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c74f58b0e8c649d7ae47aae437ce8b99 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-9686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:05:11Z |
| publishDate | 2008-04-01 |
| publisher | The World Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| spelling | doaj.art-c74f58b0e8c649d7ae47aae437ce8b992024-03-03T02:49:46ZengThe World Health OrganizationBulletin of the World Health Organization0042-96862008-04-01864260268S0042-96862008000400010A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controlsR Leon Ochiai0Camilo J Acosta1M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday2Dong Baiqing3Sujit K Bhattacharya4Magdarina D Agtini5Zulfiqar A Bhutta6Do Gia Canh7Mohammad Ali8Seonghye Shin9John Wain10Anne-Laure Page11M John Albert12Jeremy Farrar13Remon Abu-Elyazeed14Tikki Pang15Claudia M Galindo16Lorenz von Seidlein17John D Clemens18International Vaccine InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteGuangxi Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute of Cholera and Enteric DiseasesNational Institute of Health Research and DevelopmentAga Khan UniversityNational Institute of Hygiene and EpidemiologyInternational Vaccine InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteThe Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteKUWAIT UNIVERSITYOxford UniversityEnteric Disease Research ProgramWorld Health OrganizationInternational Vaccine InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteInternational Vaccine InstituteOBJECTIVE: To inform policy-makers about introduction of preventive interventions against typhoid, including vaccination. METHODS: A population-based prospective surveillance design was used. Study sites where typhoid was considered a problem by local authorities were established in China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and Viet Nam. Standardized clinical, laboratory, and surveillance methods were used to investigate cases of fever of > 3 days' duration for a one-year period. A total of 441 435 persons were under surveillance, 159 856 of whom were aged 5-15 years. FINDINGS: A total of 21 874 episodes of fever were detected. Salmonella typhi was isolated from 475 (2%) blood cultures, 57% (273/475) of which were from 5-15 year-olds. The annual typhoid incidence (per 100 000 person years) among this age group varied from 24.2 and 29.3 in sites in Viet Nam and China, respectively, to 180.3 in the site in Indonesia; and to 412.9 and 493.5 in sites in Pakistan and India, respectively. Altogether, 23% (96/413) of isolates were multidrug resistant (chloramphenicol, ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). CONCLUSION: The incidence of typhoid varied substantially between sites, being high in India and Pakistan, intermediate in Indonesia, and low in China and Viet Nam. These findings highlight the considerable, but geographically heterogeneous, burden of typhoid fever in endemic areas of Asia, and underscore the importance of evidence on disease burden in making policy decisions about interventions to control this disease.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862008000400010&lng=en&tlng=en |
| spellingShingle | R Leon Ochiai Camilo J Acosta M Carolina Danovaro-Holliday Dong Baiqing Sujit K Bhattacharya Magdarina D Agtini Zulfiqar A Bhutta Do Gia Canh Mohammad Ali Seonghye Shin John Wain Anne-Laure Page M John Albert Jeremy Farrar Remon Abu-Elyazeed Tikki Pang Claudia M Galindo Lorenz von Seidlein John D Clemens A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| title | A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls |
| title_full | A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls |
| title_fullStr | A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls |
| title_short | A study of typhoid fever in five asian countries: disease burden and implications for controls |
| title_sort | study of typhoid fever in five asian countries disease burden and implications for controls |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862008000400010&lng=en&tlng=en |
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