A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques
Two methods were evaluated in terms of manufacturing of MAX phase preforms characterized with open porosity: microwave-assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The main purpose of fabrication of such open-porous preforms is that they can be success...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Polish Academy of Sciences
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/116032/PDF/AMM-2020-2-09-Dmitruk.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818489832992669696 |
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| author | A. Dmitruk M. Lagos K. Naplocha P. Egizabal |
| author_facet | A. Dmitruk M. Lagos K. Naplocha P. Egizabal |
| author_sort | A. Dmitruk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two methods were evaluated in terms of manufacturing of MAX phase preforms characterized with open porosity: microwave-assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The main purpose of fabrication of such open-porous preforms is that they can be successfully applied as a reinforcement in metal matrix composite (MMC) materials. In order to simulate the most similar conditions to microwave-assisted SHS, the sintering time of SPS was significantly reduced and the pressure was maintained at a minimum value. The chosen approach allows these two methods to be compared in terms of structure homogeneity, complete reactive charge conversion and energy effectivity. Study was performed in Ti-Al-C system, in which the samples were compacted from elemental powders of Ti, Al, C in molar ratio of 2:1:1. Manufactured materials after syntheses were subjected to SEM, XRD and STEM analyses in order to investigate their microstructures and chemical compositions. As was concluded, only microwave-assisted SHS synthesis allows the creation of MAX phases in the studied system. SPS technique led only to the formation of intermetallic secondary phases. The fabrication of MAX phases’ foams by microwave-assisted SHS presents some interesting advantages compared to conventional manufacturing methods. This work presents the characterization of foams obtained by microwave-assisted SHS comparing the results with materials produced by SPS. The analysis of SPS products for different sintering temperatures provided the better insight into the synthesis of MAX phases, supporting the established mechanism. Dissimilarities in the heating mechanisms that lead to the differing synthesis products were also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:08:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c761ef22edcd4d37bff68daecd844e8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2300-1909 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T17:08:44Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c761ef22edcd4d37bff68daecd844e8f2022-12-22T01:40:22ZengPolish Academy of SciencesArchives of Metallurgy and Materials2300-19092020-05-01vol. 65No 2575582https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2020.132795A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS TechniquesA. Dmitrukhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-2088M. LagosK. Naplochahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0667-6645P. EgizabalTwo methods were evaluated in terms of manufacturing of MAX phase preforms characterized with open porosity: microwave-assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The main purpose of fabrication of such open-porous preforms is that they can be successfully applied as a reinforcement in metal matrix composite (MMC) materials. In order to simulate the most similar conditions to microwave-assisted SHS, the sintering time of SPS was significantly reduced and the pressure was maintained at a minimum value. The chosen approach allows these two methods to be compared in terms of structure homogeneity, complete reactive charge conversion and energy effectivity. Study was performed in Ti-Al-C system, in which the samples were compacted from elemental powders of Ti, Al, C in molar ratio of 2:1:1. Manufactured materials after syntheses were subjected to SEM, XRD and STEM analyses in order to investigate their microstructures and chemical compositions. As was concluded, only microwave-assisted SHS synthesis allows the creation of MAX phases in the studied system. SPS technique led only to the formation of intermetallic secondary phases. The fabrication of MAX phases’ foams by microwave-assisted SHS presents some interesting advantages compared to conventional manufacturing methods. This work presents the characterization of foams obtained by microwave-assisted SHS comparing the results with materials produced by SPS. The analysis of SPS products for different sintering temperatures provided the better insight into the synthesis of MAX phases, supporting the established mechanism. Dissimilarities in the heating mechanisms that lead to the differing synthesis products were also discussed.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/116032/PDF/AMM-2020-2-09-Dmitruk.pdfmax phasesshs synthesismicrowavespsporous preforms |
| spellingShingle | A. Dmitruk M. Lagos K. Naplocha P. Egizabal A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques Archives of Metallurgy and Materials max phases shs synthesis microwave sps porous preforms |
| title | A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques |
| title_full | A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques |
| title_short | A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques |
| title_sort | comparative study of the feasibility of cellular max phase preforms formation by microwave assisted shs and sps techniques |
| topic | max phases shs synthesis microwave sps porous preforms |
| url | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/116032/PDF/AMM-2020-2-09-Dmitruk.pdf |
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